2013 Vol. 37, No. 3
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2013, 37(3): 129-134.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.001
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Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of B-cell translocation gene 2(BTG2) overexpression on the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Methods Cancer cells with overexpression of BTG2 were established via stable transfection of full-length human BTG2 cDNA which was inserted into a mammalian expression plasmid pcDNA3(pcDNA3-BTG2). Cell survival was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic survival assays. Protein-protein interaction was performed by immune precipitation(IP)-Western blot assay. Protein expression was assayed by Western blot assay. Results As demonstrated in MTT assay and clonogenic survival assay, enforced expression of BTG2 significantly enhanced radiosenstivity of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MAD-MB-231 cells. The BTG2 protein was able to be determined in the breast cancer susceptibility gene1(BRCA1) IP. Silence of BRCA1 enhanced the increased radiosensitivity by BTG2, however, co-overexpression of BRCA1 reduced the BTG2-mediated radiosenstivity. Finally, the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell lines tested exhibited a positive relationship with the levels of BTG2 protein expression and a negative correlation with the levels of BRCA1 protein expression. Conclusion The present study further demonstrates that there is a significant relationship of radiosenstivity with BTG2 and BRCA1 expression, suggesting that BTG2 may be a new and important target in cancer radiotherapy via its binding to BRCA1.
2013, 37(3): 135-138.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.002
Abstract:
Objective To study the biological roles of the neuroepithelioma transforming gene 1 (Net1)in the cellular responses to ionizing radiation(IR)-induced damage. Methods Specific shRNA was used to deplete Net1 in cells. The effects of Net1 depletion on the cellular responses to ionizing radiation were investigated through the colonogenic survival assay and immunoblotting analysis of DNA damage response proteins′ phosphorylation. Results Net1-depleted cells were more sensitive to IR, with a significantly increased induction of apoptosis. In response to IR, the phosphorylation levels of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and checkpoint kinase 2 were much higher in the Net1-depleted cells than that in the control cells. Conclusion Net1 protects IR-treated cells from apoptosis and possibly plays an important role in IR-induced damage response and repair.
2013, 37(3): 139-142.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.003
Abstract:
Objective To study the radiaition protective effect of P-methyl cinnamic paeonol esters on irradiated mice. Methods ICR mice of age 6-8 weeks were selected as investigated subjects, then the mice whole body were irradiated with 6.5 Gy or 8.5 Gy137Cs γ-ray. The 30-day survival rates, organ indexes, superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde levels in lung and liver were observed to evaluate the radiation protective effect of P-methyl cinnamic paeonol esters in high, medium, low dose groups. Results P-methyl cinnamic paeonol esters increased the 30-day survival rates of 8.5 Gy whole body irradiated mice. And after 6.5 Gy whole body irradiation, P-methyl cinnamic paeonol esters could enhance the platelet counts, DNA levels and thymus, spleen index. Meanwhile, SOD levels were increased with the increasing dose of P-methyl cinnamic paeonol esters, while malondialdehyde levels were decreased, especially in the high dose group. Conclusion P-methyl cinnamic paeonol esters may play an important role in radiation resistance.
2013, 37(3): 143-145, 159.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.004
Abstract:
Objective To study the anti-radiation effect of two clinnamic paeonol ester compounds. Method The index like white blood cell count, platelet count, bone marrow nucleated cells count, DNA and other organ index on ICR mice were observed to investigate the anti-radiation effect of the two compounds in high, medial and low dosages. Results Compared to the control group, the increase of DNA content in marrow, the number of splenic nodules, splenic index and thymus index have been observed in group of 4-methyl cinnamic acid paeonol ester and 4-fluoro cinnamic acid paeonol ester. Conclusion 4-methyl cinnamic acid paeonol ester and 4-fluoro cinnamic acid paeonol ester both have the protection effect against radiation damage.
2013, 37(3): 146-149.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.005
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of Tat-SmacN7 protein on sensitivity of esophageal carcinoma 109(EC109) to radiation. Methods Cells were treated with Tat-SmacN7 peptides, radiation or combination, the inhibition rate of EC109 cells were detected by water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay. The protein level expression of Smac was determined by Western blot. Results The cells were resistant to Tat-SmacN7 as a single agent, but it could improve the sensitization of EC109 to radiation. Compared with the Tat-SamcN7 group and the radiation group, the Tat-SmacN7 combined with radiation group was inhibited significantly(24 h:t=16.821 and 9.825, both P < 0.05; 48 h:t=23.553 and 11.930, both P < 0.05). Western blot assay showed that Tat-SmacN7 could increase the expression of Smac protein. Conclusions Tat-SmacN7 could improve the radiosensitization of EC109 cell by increasing the expression of Smac.
2013, 37(3): 150-152.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.006
Abstract:
Objective To establish the nude mice model of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)H460 cell to investigate the combined effects of radiotherapy and celecoxib. Methods Athymic mice bearing H460 were randomly divided into 4 groups:control, radiotherapy, celecoxib and radiotherapy plus celecoxib group. The administration dose of celecoxib was 16 mg·kg-1·d-1. The mice were treated with radiotherapy 2 hours after administration and the fractionated dose was 5 Gy, 2 fractions per week. Mice were killed to detect tumor weight 4 weeks after treatment. The expression levels of ataxia telangiectasis mutated(ATM)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)in tumor tissues were detected by immune-histochmical method. Results The tumor weight in control, radiotherapy, celecoxib and radiotherapy plus celecoxib group were(133.62±12.37), (130.37±12.59), (81.17±8.29) and (35.51±4.23)mg respectively. There was significant difference between the radiotherapy plus celecoxib group and the radiotherapy group(t=5.41, P < 0.01). The expression levels of ATM and EGFR in the radiotherapy plus celecoxib group were significantly lower than that in radiotherapy group(t=4.23 and 3.17, both P < 0.01). Conclusions Celecoxib promotes radiotherapeutic sensitivity of H460 by down-regulating the expression levels of ATM and EGFR. Celecoxib may presents potency in curing human lung cancer.
2013, 37(3): 153-159.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.007
Abstract:
Objective To explore the radiosensitivity and DNA double-strand break repair of CD133+ U87 glioma stem cell. Methods CD133+ and CD133- cells were isolated from glioma U87 cell lines by flow cytometry sorter system. After irradiated vertically by 4 Gy X-rays, the radiosensitivity of cells was determined by clonogenic assay. The radiation-induced DNA double-strand break repair of CD133+ and CD133- cells was determined by the neutral comet assay, and the expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and Rad51 foci were measured by immunofluorescence. Results The clone forming rate of CD133+ cells was higher than CD133- cells (t=3.66, P < 0.01) with no radiation. The clone forming rate of CD133+ cells irradiated by 4 Gy X-rays has no significant changes compared to that of the non-irradiation cells(t=0.71, P > 0.05), but for CD133- cells, it decreased compared to non-irradiation cells(t=2.91, P < 0.05). The tailmoment between CD133+ cells and CD133- cells had no difference at 0.5 h after irradiation (t=1.44, P > 0.05); the tailmoment of CD133+ cells was lower than CD133- cells at 6 and 24 h after irradiation, respectively(t=5.31 and 8.09, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of γ-H2AX foci between CD133+ and CD133- cells at 0.5 and 6 h after irradiation(t=0.12 and 0.99, P > 0.05), γ-H2AX foci of CD133+ cells was significantly decreased compared to CD133- cells at 24 h after irradiation(t=4.99, P < 0.01). For Rad 51 foci, there was no difference between CD133+ and CD133- cells at 0.5 h after irradiation(t=1.12, P > 0.05). The expression of Rad 51 foci of CD133- cells was decreased compared to that of CD133+ cells at 6 and 24 h after irradiation, respectively (t=22.88 and 12.43, P < 0.01). And the expression of Rad51 foci of CD133+ cells had no significant changes at 6-24 h after irradiation. Conclusions Glioma stem cells is more radioresistive than glioma non-stem cells. The probable mechanism is that the DNA double-strand break repair capacity of glioma stem cells is more powerful than non-stem cells.
2013, 37(3): 160-164.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.008
Abstract:
Objective To compare the correlation and consistency of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) obtained by electrocardiography gated myocardial perfusion SPECT(G-MPS) using the four formulas(R0-R3) in Emory cardiac toolbox(ECToolbox) software and by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography(ERNV), and determine the optimal diagnostic thresholds of the four formulas. Methods Sixty-three patients, including 23 patients with a history of myocardial infarction and 40 patients with suspected coronary heart disease, underwent both 99Tcm-MIBI rest G-MPS and 99Tcm labeled red blood cell ERNV within a week. The LVEF values calculated by R0, R1, R2 and R3 formulas of ECToolbox were compared with those obtained by ERNV. Using LVEF≥50% obtained by ERNV as the gold standard, the optimal diagnostic thresholds of the four formulas (R0-R3) were assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results The mean LVEF of ERNV was 55.41%±17.49%. The mean LVEF values of the four formulas were 63.75%±16.63%, 55.87%±15.99%, 69.22%±18.83% and 56.32%±14.47%, respectively. On correlation analysis, a strong positive correlation was observed between LVEF values derived by ERNV and those derived by the four formulas(all r > 0.95, all P < 0.01). The differences of LVEF were statistically significant between ERNV and the two formulas R0 and R2(t=15.775 and 21.525, both P < 0.01), while between ERNV and the two formulas R1 and R3(t=0.848 and 1.448, both P > 0.05). Normal cutoff values for LVEF on R0, R1, R2, R3 were 56.5%, 51.5%, 64.5% and 52.5% respectively, using a 50% or more cutoff value on ERNV. Conclusions A strong correlation was observed among the four formulas of ECToolbox software programs when compared with ERNV. However, there are subtle differences in the objective values of LVEF generated by individual calculation methods, which must be taken into account for clinical studies.
2013, 37(3): 165-167.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.009
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 125I particles implantation in the treatment of tracheal stenosis due to advanced lung cancer. Methods Eighteen cases with end stage lung cancer were collected. 125I particles were implanted by inserting the bronchoscope into the pathological bronchial tubes of distal puncture. The number of 125I particles implanted ranged from 4-15. The tumor sizes were compared before and 30 d, 60 d, 180 d after the 125I particles implantation according to the examination of CT, and the clinical symptoms were studied. Results The symptoms of shortness of breath were relieved after 125I particles implantation. Thirty days follow-up after the therapy showed 15 cases of enlarged bronchial lumen, 13 cases of disappeared obstructive pneumonia symptoms, and no obvious complication occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion The implantation of 125I radioactive particles has a good effect for the tracheal stenosis in the treatment of advanced lung cancer; the therapy is safe and worth to be spread.
2013, 37(3): 168-171, 185.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.010
Abstract:
Objective To observe whether the 18F-FDG uptake in pulmonary benign nodular lesions is uniform, and to analyze the nonuniform characteristics, and then to investigate whether it is helpful for differential diagnosis. Methods Sixty cases of pulmonary benign nodular lesions were collected with examination of 18F-FDG PET/CT. After measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), 2 senior radiologists visually analyzed the uniformity of 18F-FDG uptake, and the uneven shape was divided into irregular uptake, no uptake in part of nodule, center nodular uptake and edge ring uptake respectively. The location and wide basal adhesion to adjacent pleural were also recorded. Results With SUVmax≥2.5 as criteria for differential diagnosis the misdiagnostic rate was 56.7% and 38.3% with both SUVmax and CT signs in 60 cases of benign nodular lesions. Among 40 cases the 18F-FDG uptake was not uniform with the irregular uptake in 15 cases, no uptake partially in 17 cases, center intake in 5 cases and edge ring uptake in 3 cases. There were 10 cases with lesions located in the apicoposterior segment of both upper lobes of the 14 tuberculosis cases. In 24 cases the lesions adhered the adjacent pleural in broad base and infectious lesions had the higher proportion(14/21). Conclusions Ununiformity of 18F-FDG uptake often appears in pulmory benign nodular lesions, and may be a valuable sign in the differential diagnosis. Infectious lesions should be considered if nodular lesions presented with broad pleural adhesions.
2013, 37(3): 172-176.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.011
Abstract:
Objective To study the incidence difference between healthy people and patients with malignant tumor, and to discuss the diagnostic value of whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT examination on incidental pituitary macroadenomas. Methods A review analysis was made about the image data of 1830 consecutive subjects with no history of pituitary tumor, including 600 healthy subjects and 1230 patients with known or suspected malignancy who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. The uptake intensity was recorded by maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) of those unexpected pituitary tumor(shot diameter greater than 1.0 cm)with high uptake. The final diagnosis was based on pathology and a 3-26 months follow-up. Compared the incidence difference between healthy people and patients with malignant tumor by Fisher exact test(SPSS 16.0). Assessed the diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT examination. Results Pituitary tumor was accidentally discovered in 15 patients (SUVmax varied between 4.2 and 22.2), including 1 metastases SUVmax 19.5 and 14 (0.77%) pituitary macroadenomas; the incidence rate 0.17% (only 1 case was confirmed of pituitary macroadenomas) among the healthy subjects is higher than that of 1.06% (13 cases) among the malignant tumor patients. The sensitivity and accuracy of PET/CT in detecting large pituitary adenomas were 100% and 93.33% respectively. Conclusions The incidence of pituitary macroadenoma is higher in patients with maligant tumor than that in the healthy controls. PET/CT is of practical significance in the diagnosis of the pituitary macroadenomas.
2013, 37(3): 177-180.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.012
Abstract:
The gradually accumulated information and knowledge regarding cancer stem cell or stem-like cancer cell greatly potentiated the research progression of radiation oncology and biology. In recent years, a series studies have uncovered that the cancer stem cell and cancer quiescent cell could be the major cells origin attributed to the radioresistance and recurrence of tumors in the course of radiotherapy. A rapid research progression has already been achieved respecting the radiosensitivity and related mechanisms of these two subsets of cancer cells, and which provides an idea strategy for development of the measures targeting tumor radioresistance. This paper reviewed and discussed the cellular basis and molecular mechanism of the tumor radioresistance from the aspects of cancer cells subsets and the radiobiological characteristics.
The gradually accumulated information and knowledge regarding cancer stem cell or stem-like cancer cell greatly potentiated the research progression of radiation oncology and biology. In recent years, a series studies have uncovered that the cancer stem cell and cancer quiescent cell could be the major cells origin attributed to the radioresistance and recurrence of tumors in the course of radiotherapy. A rapid research progression has already been achieved respecting the radiosensitivity and related mechanisms of these two subsets of cancer cells, and which provides an idea strategy for development of the measures targeting tumor radioresistance. This paper reviewed and discussed the cellular basis and molecular mechanism of the tumor radioresistance from the aspects of cancer cells subsets and the radiobiological characteristics.
2013, 37(3): 181-185.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.013
Abstract:
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of the female, and axillary lymph node dissection has been considered as the basic method in breast cancer surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) in recent years is accepted gradually both at home and abroad because it not only can avoid complications but also has the advantages of safe and simple operation, high accuracy, and slight trauma. It has taken the place of axillary lymph node dissection in the treatment of axillary node-negative patients. Nuclear medicine inspection has played a crucial role in SLNB, and radiotracers, injecting techniques, detecting methods and standards have great influence upon the accuracy and false-negative rate of axillary lymph nodes and internal mammary lymph nodes detection. In this review, the current methodology status of nuclear medicine is summarized on SLNB in breast cancer at home and abroad.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of the female, and axillary lymph node dissection has been considered as the basic method in breast cancer surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) in recent years is accepted gradually both at home and abroad because it not only can avoid complications but also has the advantages of safe and simple operation, high accuracy, and slight trauma. It has taken the place of axillary lymph node dissection in the treatment of axillary node-negative patients. Nuclear medicine inspection has played a crucial role in SLNB, and radiotracers, injecting techniques, detecting methods and standards have great influence upon the accuracy and false-negative rate of axillary lymph nodes and internal mammary lymph nodes detection. In this review, the current methodology status of nuclear medicine is summarized on SLNB in breast cancer at home and abroad.
2013, 37(3): 186-192.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.03.014
Abstract:
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors, 18F-FDG is not an ideal tracer for NETs. Most of the NETs are well-differentiated, slow growth, low levels of glucose metabolism. 18F-FDG PET usually show high sensitivity for poorly-differentiated and invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma. Other pro-amine PET agents such as 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan, 18F-fluoro-dopa, 18F-dopa and 11C-dopa have great values for the diagnosis of carcinoid, islet cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperinsulinemia and other solid NETs. Some new developed 68Ga-DOTA-peptide[1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N′, N″, N″′-tetraacetic acid(DOTA)] somatostatin PET tracers had already been used in NETs diagnosis and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The preliminary results show that 68Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT can improve the course and treatment program design in more than half of NETs patients, which is a promising NETs imaging mode.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors, 18F-FDG is not an ideal tracer for NETs. Most of the NETs are well-differentiated, slow growth, low levels of glucose metabolism. 18F-FDG PET usually show high sensitivity for poorly-differentiated and invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma. Other pro-amine PET agents such as 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan, 18F-fluoro-dopa, 18F-dopa and 11C-dopa have great values for the diagnosis of carcinoid, islet cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperinsulinemia and other solid NETs. Some new developed 68Ga-DOTA-peptide[1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N′, N″, N″′-tetraacetic acid(DOTA)] somatostatin PET tracers had already been used in NETs diagnosis and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The preliminary results show that 68Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT can improve the course and treatment program design in more than half of NETs patients, which is a promising NETs imaging mode.
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