About Journal

The International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine is one of the national medical journals which is administered by National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China and published by Chinese Medical Association and Institute of Radiation Medicine.
Founded in 1977, the journal was formerly known as Foreign Medicine: Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine. In 2006, it was renamed The International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine.
The journal takes the scientific research personnel and clinicians engaging in radiation medicine and nuclear medicine or the related areas as the target readers, the original article, review and reports in the international academic conference as the main forms. It particularly reports the new trends, recent developments, up-to-date technologies, and the newly-acquired experience in overseas and mainland in the fields of radiation medicine and nuclear medicine with the domestic situation, emphasizes article’s scientificalness and timeliness. This print specialized in experimental nuclear medicine, clinical nuclear medicine, radiobiology, clinical radiation medicine, radiation does, damage and radiation protection, radioactive labeling of drugs, molecular biology technology, radiation and security and related standards and regulations.

Periodical Information
Superintended by: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China
Sponsored by:
Chinese Medical Association
Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Editor: Editorial Board of International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine
Publisher: Editorial Office of International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine
Editor-in-Chief: Fan Saijun
Managing Director: Song Naling
Address: 238 Baidi Road, Nankai, Tianjin
Tel: 86-22-58089989
86-22-85682389
Fax: 86-22-58089989
CSSN: ISSN 1673-4114
CN 12-1381/R
Issue Code: 6-102
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Order: Post Offices of all over the country
Email: gjfh2006@irm-cams.ac.cn
Price: 30 yuan/Issue, 360 yuan/Year
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The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on the developing central nervous system and their mechanisms is an important subject for International Commission on Radiological Protection and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Results from epidemiological investigations on the A-bomb survivors are the main basis for evaluating radiation risk. However, as these results reflect the biological effects of high-dose-rate single acute exposure, they cannot accurately reflect the biological effects of tritium beta particles under low-dose-rate continuous exposure. On the other hand, radiation sensitivity of the central nervous system changes with its developmental stage, resulting in different radiation risks under different exposure situations. This paper reviews the achievements obtained in a series of comprehensive studies led by Dr. Zhou's research group of the former Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene, Ministry of Public Health (now National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention) from 1980s to the present. In these studies, physiological development, neurobehavior, brain pathology, and neurobiochemistry in the prenatally exposed offspring, and electrophysiology and morphological and biochemical changes in brain cells in primary cultures were comprehensively studied using a total of 56 biological endpoints. This is the first time in the world that the same series of experimental systems, from molecules, cells, organs to the whole body, from tissue structure, neurobiochemistry, behavior to learning and memory functions, have been used to evaluate the risk of continuous low-dose tritium beta particle exposure on the developing central nervous system. These important achievements provide the most reliable and authoritative scientific basis for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the radiation risk of tritium beta particles on the developing central nervous system.
Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of female reproductive system. It is difficult to diagnose early, prone to relapse after initial treatment, and has a poor prognosis, so diagnosis and treatment still face great challenges. Imaging examination is an indispensable part in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Among them, nuclear medicine molecular imaging technology has become a highly potential non-invasive imaging method in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. PET/CT has been widely used in the diagnosis, staging, treatment efficacy, prognosis, and recurrence evaluation of ovarian cancer. PET/MRI has shown significant advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer due to its high soft tissue resolution and low radiation dose. SPECT/CT also plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer due to the development of various new radioactive tracers. The authors review the application and research progress of PET/CT, PET/MRI and SPECT/CT about ovarian cancer, in order to further improve the value of molecular imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
The popularization and application of nuclear fusion is an important national energy strategy. With the increase of tritium emission to the environment and the wide application of tritium in many fields, the opportunity for human beings to receive low-dose tritium irradiation also increases. In 2021, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued No.148 publication on 'RADIATION WEIGHTING FOR REFERENCE ANIMALS AND PLANTS'. In the selected references and the RBE data of tritium β particles that reduce the reproductive function rate, the relevant literature in China and the results of tritium RBE were cited. Based on the No. 148 ICRP publication, this paper summarized the RBE value of low-energy tritium β particles on different biological endpoints, summarizes the contribution of China scholars to tritium research, and prospects the further research of tritium, aiming to promote the in-depth research of tritium and make due contributions to the radiation protection of tritium.
The authors summarize the research on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of nuclear fusion fuel tritium under low dose irradiation from the perspective of radiation protection. Two tritium irradiation methods, namely exponential decreasing dose rate and constant dose rate, were selected to observe and study the following biological indicators: dominant lethal mutation rate in oocytes, dominant lethal mutation rate in spermatocytes, dominant skeletal mutation rate, survival rate in primary oocytes and spermatogonia, as well as micronucleus cell rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and polychromatic erythrocytes of fetal liver. The RBE value under the two tritium irradiation methods was calculated, and the factors influencing the RBE value were analyzed. The results showed that under the conditions of cumulative doses of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 Gy/10d, the RBE values under the tritium irradiation methods of exponential decreasing dose rate and constant dose rate were 2.9-4.2. For the purpose of radiation protection, it is recommended to set the RBE values of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation on the biome to 3.0-3.5. If it is estimated that exposure to tritium β particles or other low LET radiation or closing to the derived reference level (DCRL) , a higher RBE value may be required for evaluation to a more accurate estimation of the radiation risk.
Tritium-labeled compounds are widely used in the field of medicine, especially tritium-labeled biomolecules, which can be used to analyze the metabolic processes of various molecules inside and within cells. This article introduces the synthesis methods of tritium-labeled compounds, provides an overview of the achievements and research progress of tritium-labeled biomolecules in the field of radiobiology and medical applications, with a focus on explaining the principles and applications of tritium-labeled thymidine nucleosides in determining DNA synthesis efficiency. Tritium-labeled compounds offer the advantages of simplicity, speed, intuitiveness, and accuracy in studying the distribution and metabolic processes of molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins within cells. Further development of analytical methods based on tritium-labeled compounds is of significant importance for a deeper understanding of molecular biology mechanisms.
Nuclear energy is an indispensable energy for human beings in the development of the world economy. Both the tritium produced in nuclear fission reactors and the fuel tritium adopted in nuclear fusion reactors are at risk of leakage and release. Therefore, the transfer and monitoring of tritium in the aerosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere and biosphere is a pioneering and important topic in the field of radiation protection. This paper reviewed the classification of nuclear fusion energy, the source and transfer of fuel tritium in nuclear fusion, the monitoring of tritium in air, the analysis of tritium in water, the monitoring of tritium in soil, the analysis of tritium in food and biological samples, and the monitoring of tritium level in the environment, which can provide important reference for the healthy development of nuclear energy and tritium monitoring.
Tritium is the main raw material for nuclear fusion reaction, strengthening the research on the impact of tritium on the environment, the harm to living organisms and the radiation protection system has become an urgent issue. This paper mainly introduces the hazard and evaluation of tritium, tritium protection and management, and proposes the main issues of further tritium research.
Tritium, a radionuclide, can enter the human body through various pathways, including the digestive tract, respiratory system, skin surface and wounds, resulting in varying degrees of internal radiation damage to human health. In this paper, the characteristics and radiation hazards of tritium are briefly introduced, and the clinical medical treatment data of internal tritium contamination caused by several accidents at home and abroad are reviewed. The key points of treatment and enlightenment for internal tritium contamination are put forward.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome with complex mechanisms. The diagnosis of HFpEF is challenging due to the absence of specificity in early signs and symptoms. With the rapid development of related imaging techniques, further progress has been made in the study of the pathogenesis and pathophysiological changes of HFpEF, which opens up a new direction for the early diagnosis and clinical management of HFpEF. The paper reviews the current research status and progress on the imaging of HFpEF in recent years.
In recent years, the radiation effects of tritium have received widespread attention. Medical emergency response to tritium-related accidents is a task with high requirements for specialized technology, wide coverage and wide impact. China's nuclear and radiation-related laws and regulations for emergency response have a perfect emergency response system and rescue management program. The author combines the characteristics of tritium radiation accidents and the relevant provisions of laws and regulations to analyze the three-level rescue system for medical emergency response to tritium accidents, the medical management of tritium accidents and the psychological assistance of the illuminated personnel, etc., in order to put forward constructive opinions for the medical emergency response and management of tritium-related accidents.
Tritium is one of the common radioisotopes in the nuclear power plant. In heavy water reactors, tritium causes the higher internal exposure because of the reactor design. Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (TQNPP) is the only heavy-water-reactor nuclear power plant in China, which has 2 CANDU6 reactors. Since TQNPP were put into commercial operation in 2003, TQNPP strictly performs area and individual tritium radiation monitoring, continuously improves monitoring techniques and personnel protection methods for tritium internal exposure, ensuring the occupational safety and healthy of plant staffs. From 2003~2022, none of incident caused by tritium internal exposure which the effective dose is above the regulatory limits was occurred, the average individual annual tritium internal effective dose is lower than 200 μSv, and the percentage of the average annual tritium internal exposure collective dose is 18.6%, which is lower than the average level of 20%~30% around the global heavy water reactor plants, showing that the management practice of tritium internal exposure monitoring and protection in TQNPP is effective.
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of spleen is a rare benign proliferative vascular lesion, histopathology is the "gold standard" for diagnosis. The author reported two cases of splenic SANT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging, and analyzed the clinical, histopathological, therapeutic, and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging aspects of the disease and deepened the understanding of this disease through literature review. A full understanding of the diagnostic criteria and imaging manifestations of SANT can help to obtain more information and make an accurate diagnosis.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common urinary tumor in men. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is specific in PCa expression. Radionuclide labeled PSMA PET has unique advantages in early diagnosis, staging and treatment of PCa. This paper reviews the latest research progress of PSMA PET in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, with significant tumor heterogeneity in biology and genetics. PET is a non-invasive, real-time in vivo examination method. The use of PET imaging for early detection, treatment planning and efficacy monitoring is helpful to assist diagnosis and prognosis, improve the five-year survival rate of gastric cancer, and help clinicians to diagnose and identify its heterogeneity, so as to select individualized treatment plans. Therefore, the research of specific probes for gastric cancer based on PET imaging has been highly valued by researchers. This article summarizes the popular gastric cancer specific targets and their corresponding probes in current research, and describes and analyzes their development history and research results, hoping to provide reference and guidance for the development of new PET imaging probes for gastric cancer.
Occult thyroid carcinoma (OTC) is rare in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and cases of OTC with extensive systemic metastasis are rarely reported at home and abroad. This paper reported a case of follicular carcinoma of thyroid with extensive metastasis from skeleton, lungs, adrenal gland and other parts of the whole body without primary focus, by analyzing the diagnosis and treatment process, laboratory examination, histopathological examination results and reviewing the relevant literature, the possible causes of OTC and the treatment scheme of extensive metastasis in the whole body were discussed.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI imaging of viable myocardium has always been concerned by clinicians, especially cardiologists. Both PET and MRI can play a unique value in the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Integrated PET/MRI equipment provides a new platform for exploring its integrated value. By reviewing the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiomyopathy, the characteristics of PET myocardial imaging and the clinical application of MRI, and combing the research progress in related fields in the past ten years, the author reviews the characteristics and clinical value of PET/MRI viable myocardial imaging, so as to provide reference for the clinical scientific research of PET/MRI viable myocardial imaging.
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) leads a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life, mental health and community economy. Treatment in the early active stage of the disease will achieve better efficacy. At present clinical activity score (CAS) is the mainly method of judging disease activity, but it has many shortcomings. Recent studies have suggested that 99Tcm-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) orbital SPECT/CT shows important value in the early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of TAO. It can complement with CAS and has a broad application prospect. The authors summarize the current research progress in this field and highlight the need for more research to establish a standardized consensus on collection method and result analysis. Investigating a new tool to judge disease activity which can combine 99Tcm-DTPA orbital SPECT/CT with the artificial intelligence will more accurately and conveniently guide the clinical practice.
Keloid is a fibroproliferative disease, usually caused by abnormal wound healing, and it is easy to recur after surgical resection. In recent years, the application of radioactive adjuvant therapy has greatly reduced the recurrence rate of keloids after resection. This article reviews several brachytherapy methods commonly used in clinical practice, and provides references for clinicians and researchers in related fields in the treatment of keloids.
The authors reported a case of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome located in the right iliac bone by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. The authors summarized the diagnostic criteria and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging manifestations of POEMS syndrome through literature review. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT in POEMS syndrome has been well reported, imaging manifestations involving only the right iliac bone are rare. Understanding the diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of POEMS syndrome can help to obtain more information and make an accurate diagnosis.