Research progress in ⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP bone scintigraphy and ⁹⁹Tc-MDP targeted diagnosis and treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common refractory orthopedic disease. In recent years, the incidence of ONFH has increased dramatically due to changing lifestyles and accelerated population aging, making it a major skeletal system disease affecting human health. ⁹⁹Tc^m-methylenediphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy plays a significant role in the early diagnosis, staging, progression prediction, and treatment response evaluation of ONFH. Additionally, the domestically produced agent ⁹⁹Tc-MDP has been shown to delay disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and improve quality of life in patients with ONFH. The authors reviewed recent research progress of ⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP bone scintigraphy and ⁹⁹Tc-MDP targeted diagnosis and treatment for ONFH, aiming to provide reliable scientific evidence and clinical guidance for precise diagnosis and treatment of ⁹⁹Tc-MDP in ONFH.