2009 Vol. 33, No. 4
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2009, 33(4): 193-195.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.001
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Abstract:
Continuous irradiation of low dose rate 125I seed resulted in an increase in the apoptosis and an increased expression of Bax and a decreased expression of Bcl-2. The cell-cycle arrest of hepatoma carcinoma cells was induced remarkably. The results demonstrated that low dose rate of continuous 125I seed irradiation is effective on inducing the damage-of the tumor cells.
Continuous irradiation of low dose rate 125I seed resulted in an increase in the apoptosis and an increased expression of Bax and a decreased expression of Bcl-2. The cell-cycle arrest of hepatoma carcinoma cells was induced remarkably. The results demonstrated that low dose rate of continuous 125I seed irradiation is effective on inducing the damage-of the tumor cells.
2009, 33(4): 196-199.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.002
Abstract:
With the development of medical science, monitoring dynamic biologic processes in small-animal models of diseases has become one of the most important approaches in medical studies. Important physiologic parameters that traditionally have been characterized by nuclear medicine imaging include blood flow, biochemical metabolism, and cellular receptors. Recently, nuclear medicine has been greatly facilitated by the newer development of dual-modality integrated imaging systems (SPECT-CT and PET-CT), which provide functional and anatomical images in the same scanning session, with the acquired images co-registered by means of the hardware. The purpose of this review is to compare SPECT-CT with PET-CT in several applications of small-animal models. Conclusicn:PET-CT for small animal modes in niedical research in the applications has great advantages, but SPECT-CT is still a very important role, and research low cost.
With the development of medical science, monitoring dynamic biologic processes in small-animal models of diseases has become one of the most important approaches in medical studies. Important physiologic parameters that traditionally have been characterized by nuclear medicine imaging include blood flow, biochemical metabolism, and cellular receptors. Recently, nuclear medicine has been greatly facilitated by the newer development of dual-modality integrated imaging systems (SPECT-CT and PET-CT), which provide functional and anatomical images in the same scanning session, with the acquired images co-registered by means of the hardware. The purpose of this review is to compare SPECT-CT with PET-CT in several applications of small-animal models. Conclusicn:PET-CT for small animal modes in niedical research in the applications has great advantages, but SPECT-CT is still a very important role, and research low cost.
2009, 33(4): 200-203.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.003
Abstract:
The resistant of hypoxia tumor cell to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is one of the reasons that lead to therapy failure. To detect the distribution difference of hypoxia and glycometabolism in vivo is helpful to revise radiotherapy plan in order to improve the therapeutic effect, or to evaluate the prognosis shortly after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. TTie deposition of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) mainly depends on blood flow with weak relation to uptake rate, and only reflects the membrane flux of glucose without distinguishing aerobic metabolism, enhanced cell proliferation and hypoxia tissue. Clinical experience indicated that 18F-FDG could integratedly reflect the malignant degree of tumor for the more difference between the distribution of hypoxia and glycometabolism, the more invasion of the tumor. The distribution of 18F-FDG and 18F-fluoromisonidazole were similar in general, but can not exclude minor deference. Current studies can not deny 18F-FDG as a hypoxia agent with a limited value and specificity.
The resistant of hypoxia tumor cell to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is one of the reasons that lead to therapy failure. To detect the distribution difference of hypoxia and glycometabolism in vivo is helpful to revise radiotherapy plan in order to improve the therapeutic effect, or to evaluate the prognosis shortly after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. TTie deposition of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) mainly depends on blood flow with weak relation to uptake rate, and only reflects the membrane flux of glucose without distinguishing aerobic metabolism, enhanced cell proliferation and hypoxia tissue. Clinical experience indicated that 18F-FDG could integratedly reflect the malignant degree of tumor for the more difference between the distribution of hypoxia and glycometabolism, the more invasion of the tumor. The distribution of 18F-FDG and 18F-fluoromisonidazole were similar in general, but can not exclude minor deference. Current studies can not deny 18F-FDG as a hypoxia agent with a limited value and specificity.
2009, 33(4): 204-206.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.004
Abstract:
Because of the importance of epidermal growth factor signaling pathway in oncogenesis,maintenance, and progression of different types of tumors, there are great significance that non-invasive monitoring of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the diagnosis and the judge of therapeutic efficacy.The studys of radioactive tracers for EGFR have provided a good basis for the molecular imaging of EGFR.
Because of the importance of epidermal growth factor signaling pathway in oncogenesis,maintenance, and progression of different types of tumors, there are great significance that non-invasive monitoring of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the diagnosis and the judge of therapeutic efficacy.The studys of radioactive tracers for EGFR have provided a good basis for the molecular imaging of EGFR.
2009, 33(4): 206-209.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.005
Abstract:
The modify of the thyroid cell structure can be induced by excessive iodine diet. Then the disordered thyroid function can result in a number of thyroid disease. The radionucline thyroid imaging play an important role in diagnoses of thyroid. Amplify on the effect of excessive diet on thyroid function will be worthy instructing what preparation should do before aoing the thyroid nuclide imaging.
The modify of the thyroid cell structure can be induced by excessive iodine diet. Then the disordered thyroid function can result in a number of thyroid disease. The radionucline thyroid imaging play an important role in diagnoses of thyroid. Amplify on the effect of excessive diet on thyroid function will be worthy instructing what preparation should do before aoing the thyroid nuclide imaging.
2009, 33(4): 210-214.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.006
Abstract:
Over the past decade, functional neuroimaging has contributed greatly to our knowledge about the neuropharmacology of substance misuse in man. In this review, discussed the application and the progress of the positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging in the substance misuse. After reading some papers, found that the dopamine transporter was significantly decreased in the brain of subjects with heroin abuse. Also observed a significant decrease of regional cerebral blood flow in bilateral cerebral frontal lobes, temporaJ lobes, the insula and the ipsilateral basal nuclei in substance misuse subjects. Taken together, functional images will lead the direction in future research formedication development of addiction treatment.
Over the past decade, functional neuroimaging has contributed greatly to our knowledge about the neuropharmacology of substance misuse in man. In this review, discussed the application and the progress of the positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging in the substance misuse. After reading some papers, found that the dopamine transporter was significantly decreased in the brain of subjects with heroin abuse. Also observed a significant decrease of regional cerebral blood flow in bilateral cerebral frontal lobes, temporaJ lobes, the insula and the ipsilateral basal nuclei in substance misuse subjects. Taken together, functional images will lead the direction in future research formedication development of addiction treatment.
2009, 33(4): 214-218.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.007
Abstract:
In view of the great success of integrated PET-CT scanners, there is an increasing interest in its "cousin"-SPECT-CT systems. SPECT-CT can fuse the function information by SPECT and the anatomy information by CT in the same macnine, which enhanced the diagnosis sensitivity and the specificity greatly. This article summarized SPECT-CT some characteristics and the current clinical applications in the endocrine tumor, sentinel node, bone metastasis and lymphoma, et al.
In view of the great success of integrated PET-CT scanners, there is an increasing interest in its "cousin"-SPECT-CT systems. SPECT-CT can fuse the function information by SPECT and the anatomy information by CT in the same macnine, which enhanced the diagnosis sensitivity and the specificity greatly. This article summarized SPECT-CT some characteristics and the current clinical applications in the endocrine tumor, sentinel node, bone metastasis and lymphoma, et al.
2009, 33(4): 218-221.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.008
Abstract:
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine tumors. Medical imaging examinations play a major role in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma and evaluating its therapeutic response.Recently, molecular imaging, as an emerging discipline, has made significant progress in qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrating the specific molecular alteration of thyroid cancer in cellular and molecular levels in vivo. This article is a summary of the advances on the molecular imaging diagnosis and the targeted therapy of thyroid cancer at home and abroad.
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine tumors. Medical imaging examinations play a major role in diagnosing thyroid carcinoma and evaluating its therapeutic response.Recently, molecular imaging, as an emerging discipline, has made significant progress in qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrating the specific molecular alteration of thyroid cancer in cellular and molecular levels in vivo. This article is a summary of the advances on the molecular imaging diagnosis and the targeted therapy of thyroid cancer at home and abroad.
2009, 33(4): 222-225.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.009
Abstract:
Breast cancer is one major reason for leading cause of cancer mortality in women.Advances in diagnosis and treatment have led to declines in mortality, despite an increase in breast cancer incidence. Imaging plays a key role in detecting breast cancer and directing its therapy. Especially,radionuclide imaging for detection and staging of breast cancer make a significant impact.
Breast cancer is one major reason for leading cause of cancer mortality in women.Advances in diagnosis and treatment have led to declines in mortality, despite an increase in breast cancer incidence. Imaging plays a key role in detecting breast cancer and directing its therapy. Especially,radionuclide imaging for detection and staging of breast cancer make a significant impact.
2009, 33(4): 226-228.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.010
Abstract:
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) can occur dedifferentiation in the progress of the process, which results in poor or no effect of the radioiodine therapy and the thyroid hormone replacement therapy after operation. It became one of the most thorny problem for the treatement of DTC now. Retinoic acids, the biologicallyactive metabolite of vitamin A, is of central importance for growth, differentiation,apoptosis and others vital movement of cells. It is demonstrated by studies that retinoic acids-induced redifferentiaon could raise the competence of tumor ingest 131I, accordingly raise effect of the DTC treatment.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) can occur dedifferentiation in the progress of the process, which results in poor or no effect of the radioiodine therapy and the thyroid hormone replacement therapy after operation. It became one of the most thorny problem for the treatement of DTC now. Retinoic acids, the biologicallyactive metabolite of vitamin A, is of central importance for growth, differentiation,apoptosis and others vital movement of cells. It is demonstrated by studies that retinoic acids-induced redifferentiaon could raise the competence of tumor ingest 131I, accordingly raise effect of the DTC treatment.
2009, 33(4): 229-232.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.011
Abstract:
Suipcal intervention has become an effective treatment method in properly selected patients with intractable epilepsy, but accurate resection of epileptogenic areas is the key for successful seizure control. Recently, functional brain imaging plays more and more important role in epilepsy localization. The application of SPEC1, PET and fMRI has both advantages and disavantages in diagnosis of epilepsy localization. Therefore, different individuals should be taken different examinations to clinicians.
Suipcal intervention has become an effective treatment method in properly selected patients with intractable epilepsy, but accurate resection of epileptogenic areas is the key for successful seizure control. Recently, functional brain imaging plays more and more important role in epilepsy localization. The application of SPEC1, PET and fMRI has both advantages and disavantages in diagnosis of epilepsy localization. Therefore, different individuals should be taken different examinations to clinicians.
2009, 33(4): 232-234.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.012
Abstract:
18F and 11C marked tropane derivatives is routing used PET tracer. 11C marked 11C-2β.carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) synthesis method is simple, have high specific activity and low cost, but 11C short half life limited the clinical application of 11C-CFT.18F-CFT was much accounted of due to long half life and easy to access.11C-CFT and 18F-CFT was both used in Paricinson disease early diagnosis and monitoring of pharmaceutical theraoy.
18F and 11C marked tropane derivatives is routing used PET tracer. 11C marked 11C-2β.carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) synthesis method is simple, have high specific activity and low cost, but 11C short half life limited the clinical application of 11C-CFT.18F-CFT was much accounted of due to long half life and easy to access.11C-CFT and 18F-CFT was both used in Paricinson disease early diagnosis and monitoring of pharmaceutical theraoy.
2009, 33(4): 235-237.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.013
Abstract:
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET-CT is a noninvasive whole-body imaging technique used to evaluate various types of malignancies. Recent advances have rapidly developed it into a diagnostic imaging modality in oncology. Focal or diffusely increased 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid grand with non-thyroid patients in PET-CT scanning, which may be related with thyroid cancer or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET-CT is a noninvasive whole-body imaging technique used to evaluate various types of malignancies. Recent advances have rapidly developed it into a diagnostic imaging modality in oncology. Focal or diffusely increased 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid grand with non-thyroid patients in PET-CT scanning, which may be related with thyroid cancer or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
2009, 33(4): 237-239.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.014
Abstract:
Keloids are huamn benign dermal tumors, excessive fibroproliferative disorders that enlarge and extend beyond the margins of the origin wounds. Some keloids have proven to be very resistant to treatment, for example, several treatment modalities including surgical excision in combination with radiotherapy in the form of roentgen radiation (X-ray), pharmaceuticals, intralesional corticosteroids or calcium ions blocking agents, silicone gel sheets, physical therapy such as pressuretherapy, lasertherapy, cryotherpay might be less efficacious, and sometimes they cannot be performed because of limited conditions.Some keloids have higher recurrence rates. It is difficult to treat some keloids with complications of infection,32p-phosphours combination with vittamin E may be iuseful to treat therapy-resistant keloids.
Keloids are huamn benign dermal tumors, excessive fibroproliferative disorders that enlarge and extend beyond the margins of the origin wounds. Some keloids have proven to be very resistant to treatment, for example, several treatment modalities including surgical excision in combination with radiotherapy in the form of roentgen radiation (X-ray), pharmaceuticals, intralesional corticosteroids or calcium ions blocking agents, silicone gel sheets, physical therapy such as pressuretherapy, lasertherapy, cryotherpay might be less efficacious, and sometimes they cannot be performed because of limited conditions.Some keloids have higher recurrence rates. It is difficult to treat some keloids with complications of infection,32p-phosphours combination with vittamin E may be iuseful to treat therapy-resistant keloids.
2009, 33(4): 240-242,248.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.015
Abstract:
Free radical-mediated oxidative injury has been closely implicated in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Graves disease was also accompanied by changes of the free radicals,especially for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen, et al, and the oxidative stress can cause a certain degree of injury on the thyroid and other human important organs. Antithyroid drug and 131I treatment of Graves disease, the oxidative and antioxidative parameters can also be changed.
Free radical-mediated oxidative injury has been closely implicated in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Graves disease was also accompanied by changes of the free radicals,especially for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen, et al, and the oxidative stress can cause a certain degree of injury on the thyroid and other human important organs. Antithyroid drug and 131I treatment of Graves disease, the oxidative and antioxidative parameters can also be changed.
2009, 33(4): 243-245.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.016
Abstract:
MicroRNA (miRNA) are noncoding RNA of 21~25 nucleotides that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, it plays a multiple role in the regulation of cell growth and development. miRNA mutation or ectopia expression is associated with a variety of tumor. Ionizing radiation which has a carcinogenic or tumor suppressive effect induces changes in miRNA, miRNA expression changes induced by radiation are also cell-specific and gender-specific.
MicroRNA (miRNA) are noncoding RNA of 21~25 nucleotides that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, it plays a multiple role in the regulation of cell growth and development. miRNA mutation or ectopia expression is associated with a variety of tumor. Ionizing radiation which has a carcinogenic or tumor suppressive effect induces changes in miRNA, miRNA expression changes induced by radiation are also cell-specific and gender-specific.
2009, 33(4): 246-248.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.017
Abstract:
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that mediate cells responding to extracellular signals through G proteins. They play a key role in intercellular signal transduction. Recent studies show that G protein and GPCR are closely related to radiation damage.This study provides a new perspective for fully understanding radiation damage mechanism and improving the prevention and treatment for it.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that mediate cells responding to extracellular signals through G proteins. They play a key role in intercellular signal transduction. Recent studies show that G protein and GPCR are closely related to radiation damage.This study provides a new perspective for fully understanding radiation damage mechanism and improving the prevention and treatment for it.
2009, 33(4): 249-252.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.018
Abstract:
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) by luciferase gene marked cells or DNA, in the presence of ATP and oxygen, catalytic oxidation reaction of fluorescein luminescence. So that it can directly monitor in vivo cell activity and gene behavior. In this paper, by comparing the BLI and MRI, PET, radiography of the similarities and differences, as well as about their cancer, stem cells and immune cells transportation apoptosis and other aspects of the application, in order to better provide the basis for promoting the application of BLI.
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) by luciferase gene marked cells or DNA, in the presence of ATP and oxygen, catalytic oxidation reaction of fluorescein luminescence. So that it can directly monitor in vivo cell activity and gene behavior. In this paper, by comparing the BLI and MRI, PET, radiography of the similarities and differences, as well as about their cancer, stem cells and immune cells transportation apoptosis and other aspects of the application, in order to better provide the basis for promoting the application of BLI.
2009, 33(4): 252-255.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2009.04.019
Abstract:
Free radicals generation and oxidative stress are involved in many pathological processes including neuro-degenerated diseases, diabetes, tumorigenesis and radiation damage. Measurement of free radicals is of importance in the field of radiation protection and radiation damage. The electron spinning resonance (ESR) techniques for measurement of free radicals in biological systems are summarized according to the literature and the author's research work in this review. The recent emerging imrauno-spin trapping method for analysis of protein radicals and D N A radicals is also introduced.
Free radicals generation and oxidative stress are involved in many pathological processes including neuro-degenerated diseases, diabetes, tumorigenesis and radiation damage. Measurement of free radicals is of importance in the field of radiation protection and radiation damage. The electron spinning resonance (ESR) techniques for measurement of free radicals in biological systems are summarized according to the literature and the author's research work in this review. The recent emerging imrauno-spin trapping method for analysis of protein radicals and D N A radicals is also introduced.
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