2012 Vol. 36, No. 1
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2012, 36(1): 1-8.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.001
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Abstract:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptors are heterogeneous polypeptide pentamers widely spread in the central nervous system on the neuron membrane. Different subunit combinations educe various neuro-inhibitory pharmacological effects such as sedative, hypnosis, anticonvulsion and anxiolysis. PET can be utilized to study the binding of the receptors in vivo. PET radioligands of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptors can be classified into 3 types: antagonists, agonists and reverse agonists, of which antagonist radiotracer 11C-flumazenil is the most commonly applied in epilepsy, anxiety disorders, depression, vegetative state, addiction and other neuro-psychiatric disorders.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptors are heterogeneous polypeptide pentamers widely spread in the central nervous system on the neuron membrane. Different subunit combinations educe various neuro-inhibitory pharmacological effects such as sedative, hypnosis, anticonvulsion and anxiolysis. PET can be utilized to study the binding of the receptors in vivo. PET radioligands of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptors can be classified into 3 types: antagonists, agonists and reverse agonists, of which antagonist radiotracer 11C-flumazenil is the most commonly applied in epilepsy, anxiety disorders, depression, vegetative state, addiction and other neuro-psychiatric disorders.
2012, 36(1): 8-12.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.002
Abstract:
18F -3'-deoxy-3'-L-fluorothymidine(18F-FLT)has been developed as a proliferation tracer in recent years. Imaging and measurement of proliferation with PET could provide clinicians with a non-inva-sive tool to monitor the response to anticancer treatment. In this review, the basis of 18F-FLT as a proliferation tracer is discussed. And reviewed the current status of 18F-FLT preclinical researches. Although 18F-FLT is a tracer that visualizes cellular proliferation, it also has certain limitations, for example, in comparison with the most widely used PET tracer 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT uptake is significant lower in some tumors, and 18F-FLT up-take does not always reflect the tumor cell proliferation rate cause of the different chemothe-rapy regimens.
18F -3'-deoxy-3'-L-fluorothymidine(18F-FLT)has been developed as a proliferation tracer in recent years. Imaging and measurement of proliferation with PET could provide clinicians with a non-inva-sive tool to monitor the response to anticancer treatment. In this review, the basis of 18F-FLT as a proliferation tracer is discussed. And reviewed the current status of 18F-FLT preclinical researches. Although 18F-FLT is a tracer that visualizes cellular proliferation, it also has certain limitations, for example, in comparison with the most widely used PET tracer 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT uptake is significant lower in some tumors, and 18F-FLT up-take does not always reflect the tumor cell proliferation rate cause of the different chemothe-rapy regimens.
2012, 36(1): 13-15.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.003
Abstract:
The radionuclide salivagram can be used to detect the pulmonary aspiration occurred during 99Tcm-sulfur colloid swallowing noninvasively. In patients in whom the main clinical concern is pul-monary aspiration, the radionuclide salivagram should first be taken into consideration for diagnosis of pul-monary aspiration.
The radionuclide salivagram can be used to detect the pulmonary aspiration occurred during 99Tcm-sulfur colloid swallowing noninvasively. In patients in whom the main clinical concern is pul-monary aspiration, the radionuclide salivagram should first be taken into consideration for diagnosis of pul-monary aspiration.
2012, 36(1): 16-19, 45.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.004
Abstract:
Fatty acid metabolism is the most efficient mode of myocardial energy production. Alter- ation of fatty acid metabolism is considered to be a sensitive marker of ischaemia and myocardial damage. After myocardial ischemia, prolonged suppression of fatty acid metabolism may persist despite restoration of blood flow, which is called metabolic stunning or ischemia memory. Assessment of fatty acid metabolism by radionu-clide labeled β-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid(BMIPP) SPECT plays a potential role in the early detection of myocardial ischaemia and the assessment of the severity of ischaemic coronary artery disease and myocardial disease. This article describes recent advances in 123I-BMIPP myocardial imaging.
Fatty acid metabolism is the most efficient mode of myocardial energy production. Alter- ation of fatty acid metabolism is considered to be a sensitive marker of ischaemia and myocardial damage. After myocardial ischemia, prolonged suppression of fatty acid metabolism may persist despite restoration of blood flow, which is called metabolic stunning or ischemia memory. Assessment of fatty acid metabolism by radionu-clide labeled β-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid(BMIPP) SPECT plays a potential role in the early detection of myocardial ischaemia and the assessment of the severity of ischaemic coronary artery disease and myocardial disease. This article describes recent advances in 123I-BMIPP myocardial imaging.
2012, 36(1): 20-23.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.005
Abstract:
Objective To compare the difference between electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and radioactive receptor assay(RRA)in measurement of serum thyrotropin receptor antibody(TRAb), and to explore the clinical value and feasibility of ECLIA in TRAb. Methods Seventy-five patients were selected with symptomatic Graves'disease(GD)group 32 cases, GD in remission group 23 cases and control group 20 cases. Both ECLIA and RRA were used for the measurement of serum TRAb in all the patients. Results ①The values of TRAb with ECLIA and RRA in group of symptomatic GD were higher than those in the other two groups (F=11.814, F=3.404, P < 0.05). ② The positive and negative coincidence rate between the two methods were 95.7% and 73%, respectively. There was no significant difference of the positive rate between the two methods in both groups of symptomatic GD and control ( χ2=3.691, χ2=1.026, P > 0.05), but great difference in group of GD in remission, in which it was higher with ECLIA than with RRA (χ2=5.440, P < 0.05). ③ There was a good correlation between the two methods(r=0.705, P < 0.01), while the value detected by ECLIA was lower than that by RRA (Z=-4.399, P < 0.01). Conclusion ECLIA has the advantages of simple, convenient, timesaving, high sensitivity, and complete automatization, which is more suitable for clinical monitoring of serum TRAb for the patients with GD.
2012, 36(1): 23-26.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.006
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the characteristics of the 131I-orthoiodohippurate renography in patients with a variety of urinary system disease. Methods Retrospectively analyzed 190 unilateral 131I-orthoiodohippurate renography in 95 cases with urologic system disease. Disease group included the cases with unilateral or bilateral renal or ureter, bladder and prostate gland disease. The cases with normal unilateral renal or ureter were classified as normal group. The incidence of abnormal renography and the clinical featu of a variety of abnormal renography were analyzed. The SPSS.16 software was used to statistical analysis. Results The incidence of abnormal renography in disease group was significantly higher than normal group(81.34% vs.19.64%, χ2=64.617, P < 0.005). The renographies of urethra obstruction, such as calculus and mild degree hydronephrosis, always showed steep and steadily rising curves or high flat lines. Severe hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency renographies and renal parenchymal disease showed low flat lines or straight line of low level falls gradually. The nephrograms were presenting with delayed drop of the excretory segments and stairs-like in sharp to descent in the halves or functional obstruction. Nephrogram pattern were mostly normal in the renal space-occupying lesion and adrenal glands disease. Conclusion The 131I-orthoiodohippurate renography has a higher sensitivity in assessing the hydronephrosis and renal function, it should be combined with clinical situation for lack of specificity.
2012, 36(1): 27-29.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.007
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the value of semiquantitative analysis of whole body bone imag-ing on distal femoral metaphysis osseous metastasis of neuroblastoma. Methods Twenty-nine patients with confirmed neuroblastoma by pathological reports were divided into group of metastasis and group of no metastasis by bone marrow slides, X-ray, CT, MRI or clinical follow-up. Whole body bone imaging was performed pre-or postoperation. All cases were analysed by two methods: ①Semi-quantitative analysis: Regions of interest on bilateral distal femoral metaphysic and middle of femoral were drawn, and their average counts were measured. The ratio of radioactivity of distal femoral metaphysic to middle of femoral was calculated; ②Visual analysis: Bilateral distal femoral metaphysic metastasis were diagnosed by visual analysis according to whole body bone imaging. The differences between this two= Methods were compared. Results There were differences of the ratio of radioactivity of distal femoral metaphysic to middle of femoral between group of metastasis and group of no metastasis(t=8.334, P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference betweent the two methods(χ2=0.68, P > 0.05). The sensitivivy, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of semiquantitative analysis in detecting osseous metastasis were 90.5%, 95.7%, 94.4%, 86.4% and 97.1%, while visual analysis were 81%, 100%, 95.6%, 100% and 94.5%. Conclusions Radionuclide whole body bone imaging was of great importance in diagnosis of osseous metastasis of neuroblastoma. The diagnostic accuracy was improved by combination of visual analysis and semi-quantitative analysis.
2012, 36(1): 30-34.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.008
Abstract:
Objective To explore the influence of human immunodeficiency virus transactivator of transcription(TAT) on the promoter activity of DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). Methods The truncated promoters of DNA-PKcs were cloned by PCR from the template DNA from HeLa genomic DNA, and the pGL3-basic-DNA-PKcs promoter reporter plasmids were constructed. The activity of DNA-PKcs promoters was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay system. A Lac-repressor and Lac-operator based green fluorescent protein imaging system was used to assay the chromatin remodeling activity. Results A series of reporter plasmids harboring the truncated promoters of DNA-PKcs from -939 bp to -1 bp were constructed. The sequence of -64 bp to-1 bp was identified as a critical element for the activity of DNA-PKcs promoter. TAT can suppress the activity of DNA-PKcs promoter. TAT participates in the regulation of the large scale chromatin relaxation. Ionizing radiation attenuates the activity of TAT played in the chromatin remodeling. Conclusion TAT represses the promoter activity of DNA repair protein DNA-PKcs, and also play a role of large scale chromatin remodeling which can be attenuated by ionizing radiation.
2012, 36(1): 35-37.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.009
Abstract:
Objective To quantify the radiation dose of 32P by the G-banding chromosomal aberration rate. Methods The human blood was irradiated byX-ray of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 Gy respectively. The dose-response curve between the radiation dose and the dicentrics aberration rate was assayed. 74 kBq 32P colloid was put into culture solution and, after 72 h, the dicentrics aberration rate was observed. The radiation dose of 32P was assayed by the dose-response curve. Results The dose-response curve between the radiation dose and the dicentrics aberration rate was y=24.05x-13.34(R2=0.975). The dicentrics aberration rate of 74 kBq 32P was 18% and the radiation dose of 32P in 5 ml culture solution during 72 h was 1.3 Gy. Conclusion The radiation dose of radionuclide can be estimated by chromosomal aberration rate.
2012, 36(1): 38-41.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.010
Abstract:
The 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami happened at the great east Japan on 11 March 2011, which resulted in the serious leakage of radioactive material in the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The rating of the severity of the disaster was level 7 on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale of 1-7. This article gives an overview of the future lessons and troubles after the accident.
The 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami happened at the great east Japan on 11 March 2011, which resulted in the serious leakage of radioactive material in the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The rating of the severity of the disaster was level 7 on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale of 1-7. This article gives an overview of the future lessons and troubles after the accident.
2012, 36(1): 41-45.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.011
Abstract:
During the last decades, CT has become the predominant imaging technique in the diag-nosis of diseases. However, given the high radiation sensitivity in children, CT scanning should be indicated extremely carefully. These CT related parameters such as CT dose index, dose-length product, layers and areas can be controlled to decrease pediatric patients exposure doses. To ensure the quality of CT images clear, tube current, tube voltage and pitch can also be controlled to decrease exposure doses. Children exposure doses could be evaluated through the measurement of the effective dose and collective does. Using CT in children patients should be on the basis of the radiation protection of the three principles.
During the last decades, CT has become the predominant imaging technique in the diag-nosis of diseases. However, given the high radiation sensitivity in children, CT scanning should be indicated extremely carefully. These CT related parameters such as CT dose index, dose-length product, layers and areas can be controlled to decrease pediatric patients exposure doses. To ensure the quality of CT images clear, tube current, tube voltage and pitch can also be controlled to decrease exposure doses. Children exposure doses could be evaluated through the measurement of the effective dose and collective does. Using CT in children patients should be on the basis of the radiation protection of the three principles.
2012, 36(1): 46-52.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.012
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of high-field-strength MRI in the diagnosis of recurrent gastric cancer compared with X-ray barium meal and gastroscope examinations. Methods All the 53 cases of postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer underwent MRI, X-ray barium meal and gastroscopy examinations.Using the results of surgery or biopsy as the gold standard, the differences in categorical data were analyzed with the Chi square test. Results Thirty postoperative recurrent gastric carcinoma in anastomotic stoma confirmed with pathological findings. There was ten cases with adjacent tissue infiltration and remote metastasis. Thirteen cases had no recurrent gastric carcinoma. The sensibility, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for recurrent gastric carcinoma in anastomotic stoma for MRI, barium meal of alimentary canal and gastroscope were 96.6%, 86.9%, 92.4%, 90.6%, 95.2%; 70.0%, 86.9%, 77.3%, 87.5%, 68.9%; 96.6%, 91.3%, 94.3%, 93.5%, 95.4% respectively. The sensibility, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for recurrent gastric cancer (including adjacent tissue infiltration and remote metastasis) were 97.5%, 76.9%, 92.4%, 92.8%, 90.9%; 52.5%, 76.9%, 58.4%, 87.5%, 34.4%; 72.5%, 84.6%, 75.4%, 93.5%, 50.0% respectively. There were significant differences between MRI and X-ray barium meal with respect to detect recurrent gastric carcinoma in anastomotic stoma and MRI is betterthan X-ray barium meal to detect recurrent gastric carcinoma in anastomotic stoma (χ2=4.90, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between MRI and gastroscope with respect to detect recurrent gastric carcinoma in anastomotic stoma (χ2=0.03, P > 0.05). In examination of recurrent gastric carcinoma including adjacent tissue infiltration and remote metastasis, MRI shows statistical differences with X-ray barium meal(χ2=12.46, P < 0.05)and gastroscopy(χ2=5.26, P < 0.05). Conclusions MRI had good diagnostic performance in identifying recurrent gastric carcinoma, which is better than X-ray barium meal and gastroscope examinations. It plays an important role in directing clinical therapy and is helpful to improve postoperative survival rate of gastric carcinoma.
2012, 36(1): 52-55.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.013
Abstract:
Objective To offer some visual and valuable clinical bases for the pharynx disease diagnosis and treatment by comparing the influence of different scanning sequences on the image quality and scanning time, and studying the application to the dynamic swallowing MRI scanning. Methods The dynamic swallowing scanning of pharyngeal was performed on 20 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients without deglutition disorders through GE 3.0 MRI system with fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (FIESTA) and fast gradient recalled echo (Fast GRE) sequences, and combined with the array spatial sensitivity encoding technique(ASSET), which accelerating factors was 2.0 ph, and sixty dynamic images were acquired sequentially. The image quality was graded into three classes: excellent, favorable and poor, which were visually assessed by three senior MRI physician using double-blinded method. The quantitative data were analyzed statistically with the SPSS13.0 software. Results Under the same parameters, the scanning time with FIESTA, FIESTA+ASSET, Fast GRE and Fast GREA+ASSET sequences were 54 s, 28 s, 49 s and 25 s respectively. The number of excellent images with the four sequences were 44, 52, 52 and 56 respectively. The scanning time was the shortest and the image quality was the best with Fast GRE+ASSET sequence. Conclusions The dynamic imaging of swallowing in sagittal view was achieved with Fast GRE+ASSET sequence on GE 3.0T MRI system. It could present status of the pharynx well, and the soft tissue of swallowing was showed clearly in the dynamic images. These will provide visual and effective evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
2012, 36(1): 59-62.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.015
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the value of styloid process measurement using 16-detector row spiral CT with volume rendering, shaded surface display, multi-planar reconstruction and maximum intensity projection reconstruction techniques in the diagnosis of adult styloid process syndrome (SPS). Methods 16-detector row spiral CT with volume rendering, shaded surface display, multi-planar reconstruction and maximum intensity projection reconstruction techniques were used in 50 patients (86 sides) with clinically suspected SPS, the length and deviated angle of styloid process were measured. Results In these 86 sides of styloid process, 69 sides showed the length longer than 3 cm (80.2%), 45 sides showed segmented styloid process (52.3%), the oblique angle of styloid process was deviated internally more than 25° in 36 sides (41.9%), and deviated anteriorly angle more than 25° in 5 sides (5.8%). Conclusion Over-length, segmentation andabnormal deviation of the oblique angle of styloid process are important criteria in the diagnosis of SPS, helpful information could be provided by multiple-detector spiral CT with volume rendering, shaded surface display, multi-planar reconstruction and maximum intensity projection reconstruction techniques.
2012, 36(1): 56-59.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.01.014
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the CT features of pulmonary injury in paraquat poisoning.Methods The chest CT image of lung injury in 6 cases of paraquat poisoning were analyzed retrospectively.According to different period of poisoning,the 6 cases were divided into 3 types:the early stage of poisoning (within 2 d),the middle stage of poisoning (3-14 d),the late stage of poisoning (>14 d).A comparison between CT signs and the pathological features of patients was made.Rusults Among this 6 cases,3 cases died,2cases pulmonary fibrosis was noted,1 cases recovered.According to different period of poisoning,the 6 cases were divided into 3 stages:in the early stage of poisoning (within 2 d),3 cases of all patients showed nothing remarkable,2 cases showed ground-glass opacity,1 case showed fuzzy lung-marking.In the middle stage of poisoning (3-14 d),all 6 cases showed ground-glass opacity,mosaic attenuation; 6 cases showed pulmonary consolidation; 4 cases showed subpleural lines; 4 cases showed bronchieetasis; 2 cases showed mid-lower pleural effusion.In the late stage of poisoning (>14 d),4 cases showed pulmonary consolidation and pulmonary fibrosis,3 cases showed ground-glass opacity and mosaic attenuation,1 case showed mid-lower pleural effusion; 1 case showed mediastinal emphysema.Conclusion The clinical pathology process of paraquat poisoning was in line with CT finding which was related with clinical stage and was helpful for clinical assessment of paraquat poisoning promptly and to guide the clinical treatment.
Objective To investigate the CT features of pulmonary injury in paraquat poisoning.Methods The chest CT image of lung injury in 6 cases of paraquat poisoning were analyzed retrospectively.According to different period of poisoning,the 6 cases were divided into 3 types:the early stage of poisoning (within 2 d),the middle stage of poisoning (3-14 d),the late stage of poisoning (>14 d).A comparison between CT signs and the pathological features of patients was made.Rusults Among this 6 cases,3 cases died,2cases pulmonary fibrosis was noted,1 cases recovered.According to different period of poisoning,the 6 cases were divided into 3 stages:in the early stage of poisoning (within 2 d),3 cases of all patients showed nothing remarkable,2 cases showed ground-glass opacity,1 case showed fuzzy lung-marking.In the middle stage of poisoning (3-14 d),all 6 cases showed ground-glass opacity,mosaic attenuation; 6 cases showed pulmonary consolidation; 4 cases showed subpleural lines; 4 cases showed bronchieetasis; 2 cases showed mid-lower pleural effusion.In the late stage of poisoning (>14 d),4 cases showed pulmonary consolidation and pulmonary fibrosis,3 cases showed ground-glass opacity and mosaic attenuation,1 case showed mid-lower pleural effusion; 1 case showed mediastinal emphysema.Conclusion The clinical pathology process of paraquat poisoning was in line with CT finding which was related with clinical stage and was helpful for clinical assessment of paraquat poisoning promptly and to guide the clinical treatment.
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