2005 Vol. 29, No. 3
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2005, 29(3): 97-100.
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Abstract:
The recent development of an integrated PET-CT scanner for the simultaneous acquisition of anatomic(CT) and functional(PET) data in one device offers several advantages such as high sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis. Its capability of accurate staging of lymph nodes, differentiation of lung lesions and evaluation of the tumor cell's activity makes the determination of lung lesion's characteristic, location, quantitation and staging more accurate. This article reviewed on the value and existing problems of PET-CT imaging in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) for the diagnosis, staging, evaluation of therapeutic effects, determination of treatment strategy and the making of radiation treatment planning.
The recent development of an integrated PET-CT scanner for the simultaneous acquisition of anatomic(CT) and functional(PET) data in one device offers several advantages such as high sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis. Its capability of accurate staging of lymph nodes, differentiation of lung lesions and evaluation of the tumor cell's activity makes the determination of lung lesion's characteristic, location, quantitation and staging more accurate. This article reviewed on the value and existing problems of PET-CT imaging in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) for the diagnosis, staging, evaluation of therapeutic effects, determination of treatment strategy and the making of radiation treatment planning.
2005, 29(3): 101-104.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. There are many tumor markers for detecting colorectal cancer, some of which have been widely used in clinical area. However, still lack an ideal tumor marker of colorectal cancer. In this review, we simply characterized some com-mon tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA50, CA242 etc and their dignostic value. And here we discussed some combined detecting procedures which improve diagnostic accuracy of colorectal cancer. In addition, with the development of the biomoleculer technique, some newly discovered tumor markers and genetic marekers have gained great progress in the research of colorectal cancer, and will become a promissing technique in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. There are many tumor markers for detecting colorectal cancer, some of which have been widely used in clinical area. However, still lack an ideal tumor marker of colorectal cancer. In this review, we simply characterized some com-mon tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA50, CA242 etc and their dignostic value. And here we discussed some combined detecting procedures which improve diagnostic accuracy of colorectal cancer. In addition, with the development of the biomoleculer technique, some newly discovered tumor markers and genetic marekers have gained great progress in the research of colorectal cancer, and will become a promissing technique in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
2005, 29(3): 105-108.
Abstract:
Receptor targeting therapy with radiolabeled peptides has become very important in oncology in the past few years. The most frequently used peptides in the clinic are analogs of somatostatin. Radiolabeled analogs of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, bombesin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, gastrin and cholecystokinin are also being developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the state of the art of the pre-clinical and clinical studies on 90Y and 177Lu radiolabeled somatostatin analogs for receptor-mediated radionuclide targeting therapy. Early clinical data of radiolabeled cholecystokinin and neuropeptide Y for internal radiopeptide therapy are also reviewed.
Receptor targeting therapy with radiolabeled peptides has become very important in oncology in the past few years. The most frequently used peptides in the clinic are analogs of somatostatin. Radiolabeled analogs of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, bombesin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, gastrin and cholecystokinin are also being developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the state of the art of the pre-clinical and clinical studies on 90Y and 177Lu radiolabeled somatostatin analogs for receptor-mediated radionuclide targeting therapy. Early clinical data of radiolabeled cholecystokinin and neuropeptide Y for internal radiopeptide therapy are also reviewed.
2005, 29(3): 108-111.
Abstract:
Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) is one of the most familiar disease in orbit and an autoimmune disorder. At present, it was proved that the patients with active TAO would benefit from immuno-suppressive therapy or retrobulbar radiotherapy, but inactive TAO. The veracity and objectivity of TAO activity degree assessment determine patient's treatment project, curative effect and prognosis. There is important significance of jugging activity and evaluating curative effect by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in TAO.
Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) is one of the most familiar disease in orbit and an autoimmune disorder. At present, it was proved that the patients with active TAO would benefit from immuno-suppressive therapy or retrobulbar radiotherapy, but inactive TAO. The veracity and objectivity of TAO activity degree assessment determine patient's treatment project, curative effect and prognosis. There is important significance of jugging activity and evaluating curative effect by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in TAO.
2005, 29(3): 112-114.
Abstract:
Object: To investigate the low dose 131I therapy for Graves' disease we compared the results of 277 patients in our department with the report of Howarth D et al. Methods: 277 patients were classified as 45 Gy group and 77 Gy group according to the dose level. The results of these two groups were compared sep-arately with results of 60 Gy group and 90 Gy group reported by Howarth D et al. Results: The euthyroidism rate and hypothyroidism rate among these four groups had no significant statistical difference after 6 months of 131I therapy, but there were high significant statistical difference between our study and Howarth D research about euthyroidism rate and hypothyroidism rate 24 months later. Conclusion: The low dose 131I management refered by Howarth D et al was an effective method for Graves' disease which could reduce or delay the incidence of hypothyroidism. Our study show that subsection on the foundation of this low dose procedure could further reduce the incidence of hypothyroidism and improve the euthyroidism rate.
Object: To investigate the low dose 131I therapy for Graves' disease we compared the results of 277 patients in our department with the report of Howarth D et al. Methods: 277 patients were classified as 45 Gy group and 77 Gy group according to the dose level. The results of these two groups were compared sep-arately with results of 60 Gy group and 90 Gy group reported by Howarth D et al. Results: The euthyroidism rate and hypothyroidism rate among these four groups had no significant statistical difference after 6 months of 131I therapy, but there were high significant statistical difference between our study and Howarth D research about euthyroidism rate and hypothyroidism rate 24 months later. Conclusion: The low dose 131I management refered by Howarth D et al was an effective method for Graves' disease which could reduce or delay the incidence of hypothyroidism. Our study show that subsection on the foundation of this low dose procedure could further reduce the incidence of hypothyroidism and improve the euthyroidism rate.
A study immunity condition and its Dukes' classification to tumor in patients with colorectal cancer
2005, 29(3): 115-117.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the immune functions in patients with colorectal cancer and the rela-tionship with turn or stages. Methods: The levels of T-cell subgroup, natural killer(NK) cell activity, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) were investigated in 60 patients with colorectal cancer by radioimmunoassy(RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results: In colorectal cancer, the blood CD3+ and CD4+ levels, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ and the NK cell activity were lower than that of control group, but the levels of CD8+, VEGF and sIL-2R were higher than in control group, which changed with Dukes'classification. Conclusion: The cytoimmunity functions in patents with colorectal cancer related with Dukes'classification its malignant degree were more high, and the immunity function were more low, prognosis were more bad in patents with colorectal cancer.
Objective: To study the immune functions in patients with colorectal cancer and the rela-tionship with turn or stages. Methods: The levels of T-cell subgroup, natural killer(NK) cell activity, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) were investigated in 60 patients with colorectal cancer by radioimmunoassy(RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results: In colorectal cancer, the blood CD3+ and CD4+ levels, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ and the NK cell activity were lower than that of control group, but the levels of CD8+, VEGF and sIL-2R were higher than in control group, which changed with Dukes'classification. Conclusion: The cytoimmunity functions in patents with colorectal cancer related with Dukes'classification its malignant degree were more high, and the immunity function were more low, prognosis were more bad in patents with colorectal cancer.
2005, 29(3): 118-120.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the level of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-l(sICAM-1) and assess its role in liver function injury of cirrhosis. Methods: The sICAM-1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples collected from 50 liver cirrhosis patients and 20 healthy controls. Liver function tests performed in all samples. Results: Serum levels of sICAM-1 were signifi-cantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy controls(t=2.874, P<0.01). Serum levels of sICAM-1 correlated positively with glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)(r=0.2754, P<0.05) and negative with albumin(ALB) (r=-0.4812, P<0.01). Serum levels of sICAM-1 were correlated positively(r=0.3698, P<0.05) with assessment score of disease severity(Child classification). The contents of GOT, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), superfamily bilirubin(SB), creatinine(Cr), sICAM-1 were obviously lower than that of pretreatment. The contents of BUN、Cr、sICAM-1 comparision between recombination human growth hormone(rhGH) group and routine group in the after treatment were front obviously lower than that latter. The apparent efficiency, efficiency and inefficiency were 45.45%, 36.36% and 18.18% in rhGH group. The apparent efficiency, efficiency and inefficiency were 36.36%, 45.45%, and 27.27% in routine group. Conclusion: sICAM-1 is markedly elevated in liver cirrhosis and correlated with parameters of liver func-tion. sICAM-l may be useful in assessing the immunopathology of the disease process in liver cirrhosis.
Objective: To investigate the level of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-l(sICAM-1) and assess its role in liver function injury of cirrhosis. Methods: The sICAM-1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples collected from 50 liver cirrhosis patients and 20 healthy controls. Liver function tests performed in all samples. Results: Serum levels of sICAM-1 were signifi-cantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy controls(t=2.874, P<0.01). Serum levels of sICAM-1 correlated positively with glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)(r=0.2754, P<0.05) and negative with albumin(ALB) (r=-0.4812, P<0.01). Serum levels of sICAM-1 were correlated positively(r=0.3698, P<0.05) with assessment score of disease severity(Child classification). The contents of GOT, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), superfamily bilirubin(SB), creatinine(Cr), sICAM-1 were obviously lower than that of pretreatment. The contents of BUN、Cr、sICAM-1 comparision between recombination human growth hormone(rhGH) group and routine group in the after treatment were front obviously lower than that latter. The apparent efficiency, efficiency and inefficiency were 45.45%, 36.36% and 18.18% in rhGH group. The apparent efficiency, efficiency and inefficiency were 36.36%, 45.45%, and 27.27% in routine group. Conclusion: sICAM-1 is markedly elevated in liver cirrhosis and correlated with parameters of liver func-tion. sICAM-l may be useful in assessing the immunopathology of the disease process in liver cirrhosis.
2005, 29(3): 121-126.
Abstract:
Calculations of radiogenic cancer risk are based on the risk projection models for specific cancer sites. Improvement has been made for the parameters used in the previous models including introduc-tions of mortality and morbidity risk coefficients, and age-/gender-specific risk coefficients. These coeffi-cients have been applied to calculate the radiogenic cancer risks for specific organs and radionuclides under different exposure scenarios.
Calculations of radiogenic cancer risk are based on the risk projection models for specific cancer sites. Improvement has been made for the parameters used in the previous models including introduc-tions of mortality and morbidity risk coefficients, and age-/gender-specific risk coefficients. These coeffi-cients have been applied to calculate the radiogenic cancer risks for specific organs and radionuclides under different exposure scenarios.
2005, 29(3): 126-129.
Abstract:
Single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE), which has founded in 1980s, can detect the DNA injury in single cell. Studies on radiation biology has indicated that we can detect the DNA injury by SCGE in mammal cells such as sperm cell, tumor cell and lymphocyte after radiation. Recently, along with the rapid progress of technology, new software has been exploited, which adds much new meanings to this method. SCGE reveals a great future in study of radiation biological dosimetry and has more ad-vantage than the other traditional methods, particularly at the early stage after radiation.
Single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE), which has founded in 1980s, can detect the DNA injury in single cell. Studies on radiation biology has indicated that we can detect the DNA injury by SCGE in mammal cells such as sperm cell, tumor cell and lymphocyte after radiation. Recently, along with the rapid progress of technology, new software has been exploited, which adds much new meanings to this method. SCGE reveals a great future in study of radiation biological dosimetry and has more ad-vantage than the other traditional methods, particularly at the early stage after radiation.
2005, 29(3): 129-131.
Abstract:
Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitors has recently received extensive attention for its role in prevention and inhibition of malignancies. COX-2 inhibitors are enhancers of tumor cells response to irradiation. The possible mechanisms consist of effect on cell cycle distribution, inhibition of repair from sublethal radiation damage, increasing susceptibility of cells to radiation-induced apoptosis.
Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitors has recently received extensive attention for its role in prevention and inhibition of malignancies. COX-2 inhibitors are enhancers of tumor cells response to irradiation. The possible mechanisms consist of effect on cell cycle distribution, inhibition of repair from sublethal radiation damage, increasing susceptibility of cells to radiation-induced apoptosis.
2005, 29(3): 132-136.
Abstract:
The researches on functions of X ray repair cross complementing(XRCC) genes had promoted the understanding of DNA damage repair processes and the mechanism of cancer induced by genetic instability. The functions of XRCC genes could be identified by studying their mutant phenotypes. Most members of the XRCC genes family participated in several DNA repair pathways, including base excision repair, homologous recombination repair and non-homologous end joining. The identification of XRCC genes and their functions took important parts in DNA damage repairs and genetic stability processes.
The researches on functions of X ray repair cross complementing(XRCC) genes had promoted the understanding of DNA damage repair processes and the mechanism of cancer induced by genetic instability. The functions of XRCC genes could be identified by studying their mutant phenotypes. Most members of the XRCC genes family participated in several DNA repair pathways, including base excision repair, homologous recombination repair and non-homologous end joining. The identification of XRCC genes and their functions took important parts in DNA damage repairs and genetic stability processes.
2005, 29(3): 136-139.
Abstract:
The development of radiotherapy is closely linked with modern medical imaging technique. 4-dimensional CT increasingly becomes an effective measure due to the improvement of temporal and space resolution of CT imaging. In the simulation of radiotherapy, 3-dimension images in different phases can be collected with respiration-gating technique. Therefore, a precise mathematical model is set up after the rule of tumor motion along with respiration is found out, which is significant for the improvement of treatment planning. Moreover, two orthogonal X-ray imaging systems mounted on the gantry of a medical linear accel-erator for tracking the real position of tumor is also an interesting aspect in 4-dimensional radiotherapy study.
The development of radiotherapy is closely linked with modern medical imaging technique. 4-dimensional CT increasingly becomes an effective measure due to the improvement of temporal and space resolution of CT imaging. In the simulation of radiotherapy, 3-dimension images in different phases can be collected with respiration-gating technique. Therefore, a precise mathematical model is set up after the rule of tumor motion along with respiration is found out, which is significant for the improvement of treatment planning. Moreover, two orthogonal X-ray imaging systems mounted on the gantry of a medical linear accel-erator for tracking the real position of tumor is also an interesting aspect in 4-dimensional radiotherapy study.
2005, 29(3): 139-142.
Abstract:
The magnetic resonance(MR) molecular imaging can be defined as the in vivo characteriza-tion and measurement of biologic processes at the molecular and gene level by the means of MR imaging science. The purpose of molecular imaging is to diagnose tumor more early and specifically and monitor the anti-tumor therapy response. The present researches of molecular imaging focus on the specific MR molecular probes, molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis, genetic imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and so on. Because of it has high spatial resolution and functional imaging, the MR molecular imaging will play an important role in the tumor diagnosis and treatment in 21 century.
The magnetic resonance(MR) molecular imaging can be defined as the in vivo characteriza-tion and measurement of biologic processes at the molecular and gene level by the means of MR imaging science. The purpose of molecular imaging is to diagnose tumor more early and specifically and monitor the anti-tumor therapy response. The present researches of molecular imaging focus on the specific MR molecular probes, molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis, genetic imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and so on. Because of it has high spatial resolution and functional imaging, the MR molecular imaging will play an important role in the tumor diagnosis and treatment in 21 century.
2005, 29(3): 143-145.
Abstract:
To review the clinical value of functional MRI(functional localization of stimulated cortex,perfusion weighed imaging, MR spectroscopy and diffusion weighed imaging, including diffusion tensor imaging)in glioma.
To review the clinical value of functional MRI(functional localization of stimulated cortex,perfusion weighed imaging, MR spectroscopy and diffusion weighed imaging, including diffusion tensor imaging)in glioma.
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