Abstract: In the past, clinicians paid little attention to thyroid cancers, particularly papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), given their good overall prognoses. Recently, however, international and domestic researchers have given increased attention to PTMC and its diagnosis and treatment because of the increasing incidence of this malignancy. The diagnosis and treatment of PTMC remain controversial at home and abroad given their lack of evidence-based medical evidence. This paper summarizes the controversies surrounding the treatment of PTMC.