Abstract: Following the official release of the Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Medical Isotopes (2021—2035) and motivated by national policies, hospitals at all levels are actively advancing the construction of nuclear medicine departments. However, achieving the goal of comprehensive coverage of nuclear medicine departments in tertiary hospitals by 2025 still presents numerous challenges. The authors focused on the layout and configuration of SPECT rooms and the disposal of radioactive waste, analyzing both domestic and international radiation protection policies and experiences. The aim was to draw on advanced international technologies and management models to promote the sustainable development of nuclear medicine in China.