Abstract: The magnetic resonance(MR) molecular imaging can be defined as the in vivo characteriza-tion and measurement of biologic processes at the molecular and gene level by the means of MR imaging science. The purpose of molecular imaging is to diagnose tumor more early and specifically and monitor the anti-tumor therapy response. The present researches of molecular imaging focus on the specific MR molecular probes, molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis, genetic imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and so on. Because of it has high spatial resolution and functional imaging, the MR molecular imaging will play an important role in the tumor diagnosis and treatment in 21 century.