Abstract: Radioadaptive response is a biological defense of which low dose ionizing radiation induces cellular resistance to the genotoxic effects of subsequent challenge irradiation. However, so for molecular mechanism of radioadaptive response remains obscure. Research is mainly involved in activation of the intracellular repair system, cell cycle regulation system, antioxidative stress system and stress-response protein. Signaling factors involved in cell response to radiation include protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53 tumor suppressor protein, ataxia-telansiectasia mutated, and DNA-dependent protein kinase.