Abstract: Atherosclerosis involves many essential arteries of whole body and it is one of the main diseases that lead adults to death. So it has clinical significance to diagnose atherosclerosis in early stage and to judge its instability. Recent advances in the pathohiology of atherosclerosis have highlighted the inadequacies of the current techniques including the gold standard of X-ray angiography and the need for better imaging approaches. Molecular nuclear medicine can noninvasively detect the number, extent, distribution and component of atherosclerotic plaque, through nuclide imaging with the middle substances during the atherosclerotic process or thrombus on the surface of plaque, and thus can diagnose atherosclerosis in time.