Abstract: Several kinds of cytokines have been found the past decades. Most kinds of those cytokines exert the effects of irradiation-protection and accelerate the hemapoietic recovery. In this report, we reviewed the latest development in the roles played by the positive or negative cytokines in the treatment of bone marrow suppression caused by acute irradiation. The combinant effects of several kinds of cytokines in the treatment of those injuries were also discussed in the review.