Abstract: Along with radiation treatment extensively applied,radiation injury also is valued gradually.The effect of radiaton to the cellular and molecular of central nervous system(CNS)is a complicated and moderately advanced process and the mechanism is remains incompletely clear yet.Inquiring into the possible mechanism of the CNS including the injury and the restoration of neuron,neuroglia ceils,endotheliocyte cell and blood-brain barrier and the molecular level of change induced by radiation,so as to provide beneficial thought for preventing and curing radiation injury clinically.Some neumpmtective strategies are also addressed in the review.