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脑胶质瘤是最常见的颅内原发性肿瘤,多呈浸润性生长,手术难以彻底清除病灶,已发生其他部位转移以及对化疗和放疗抵抗患者的治愈率极低,复发率较高[1]。根据世界卫生组织最新的肿瘤分类分级标准,脑胶质瘤分为少突胶质细胞肿瘤、星形细胞肿瘤、室管膜细胞肿瘤、脉络丛肿瘤、胚胎性肿瘤等,并且分为4级,分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,其中Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级是低级别的脑胶质瘤,偏良性,预后稍好;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级为高级别脑胶质瘤,是严重的原发性脑肿瘤之一,预后较差[2]。脑胶质瘤目前主要的治疗手段包括手术、放疗、化疗和靶向治疗,高级别胶质瘤患者常根据具体情况在手术切除病灶后接受放疗和(或)化疗,患者的长期生存率也从不足5%提高到15%~20%[3],但是患者的总体生存率仍然很低。CT和MRI是胶质瘤诊治中常用的影像学检查手段,主要从解剖结构方面进行描述。近年来,随着科技的发展,MRI的一些新技术可以评估肿瘤缺氧程度、化学成分等信息,但在肿瘤与非肿瘤的鉴别、肿瘤分级及肿瘤边界描述方面的价值仍然有限。PET显像能够提供肿瘤细胞代谢水平、增殖率等更多相关信息,能更早地诊断胶质瘤,使患者能在早期得到治疗,提高患者的生存率和生活质量。
PET显像剂18F-FLT在脑胶质瘤中的研究进展
Progress in research of PET imaging agent 18F-FLT in glioma
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摘要: 脑胶质瘤是最常见的颅内肿瘤,占脑肿瘤的40%~55%,其诊断时间直接影响患者的预后。近年来,PET显像剂在脑胶质瘤中的应用得到了快速发展。18F-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(18F-FLT)就是其中之一。18F-FLT是经过放射性核素标记的胸腺嘧啶的类似物,是较常见的正电子显像剂,用于评估细胞的增殖情况,它能在肿瘤治疗前、治疗中及治疗后提供其他影像学检查和显像剂不能提供的信息。笔者主要对目前脑胶质瘤显像剂的研究现状,18F-FLT的显像机制、18F-FLT对脑胶质瘤的诊断、分级、鉴别复发与坏死、疗效评估和预后判断以及18F-FLT与Ki-67的关系等方面进行了阐述。
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关键词:
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 脑胶质瘤 /
- 18F-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷
Abstract: Glioma is the most common intracranial tumor, accounting for 40%–55% of brain tumor cases. The time of diagnosis affects the prognosis of patients. The application of PET imaging agents, which is a noninvasive method of diagnosis, to glioma has increased rapidly in recent years. 18F fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) is a common PET imaging agent, which is a radioactive thymidine analog and is used to evaluate cell proliferation. This imaging agent can provide more information than that from other imaging examinations and agents during and after the treatment of glioma. In this review, we mainly discuss the present research status of glioma imaging agents in the brain, including the 18F-FLT imaging mechanism; the diagnosis, classification, and identification of recurrence and necrosis; the curative effect evaluation and prognosis of glioma from 18F-FLT; and the relationship between 18F-FLT and Ki-67.-
Key words:
- Positron emission tomography /
- Glioma /
- 18F-fluoro-thymidine
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