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辐射与各种化学物质结合造成的危害是现代生活不可避免的[1]。在日本福岛核事故等核灾难发生后,由于环境受到放射性污染,公众对辐射暴露的健康风险越来越关注。在毒理学研究中,动物模型被广泛地应用。然而,其成本和许可等问题限制了其在大规模药物筛选过程中被使用[2],为了尽量减少使用高等动物,替代模型变得非常重要。果蝇是一种无脊椎动物,基因组被广泛研究,且果蝇是一种完全变态的生物体,其毒性可在胚胎、幼虫、蛹和成虫的不同发育阶段表现出来[3]。因此,果蝇适合作为动物模型而应用于大规模药物筛选。
电离辐射对果蝇的大部分有害影响主要是通过它的间接作用,即通过作用于水分子产生自由基,如羟自由基、超氧阴离子、过氧化氢等,从而使果蝇体内各种生物大分子(如 DNA、RNA 和蛋白质等)的结构和功能发生改变,最终导致致命性的细胞损伤,这是果蝇辐射损伤的主要形式[4]。有研究报道线粒体是细胞内超氧化物产生的主要场所,且同时维生素E在线粒体中的浓度也是最高的,维生素E缺陷型动物的骨骼肌细胞最早出现的症状之一就是线粒体的损坏[5]。线粒体中维生素E的存在对限制超氧化物的生成起着关键作用。维生素E可以通过降低细胞中线粒体超氧化物的生成、清除已生成的超氧化物和稳定线粒体膜,达到降低线粒体超氧化物水平的目的[6]。本研究主要目的是评估维生素E是否能够提高果蝇幼虫的抗辐射损伤和抗氧化损伤的能力。鉴于维生素E具有抗氧化作用,确定维生素E是否可以作为哺乳动物的辐射保护剂具有重要意义。
维生素 E对果蝇辐射氧化损伤机制的影响
Effects of vitamin E on oxidative damage mechanism of gamma radiation in Drosophila melanogaster
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摘要:
目的 探索不同浓度维生素E对γ射线照射后果蝇幼虫敏感性的影响。 方法 使用不同浓度(100、500、1000、1500 mg/L)维生素E处理W1118果蝇幼虫,137Cs γ射线 50 Gy 进行照射,测定果蝇幼虫的蛹化率和羽化率、羽化后48 h死亡率、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,分析其抗氧化能力和氧化损伤状态。组间的比较采用LSD-t检验。 结果 1000、1500 mg/L维生素E组果蝇幼虫的蛹化率、羽化率、攀爬能力、CAT活性、GSH含量均明显比单纯照射对照组高,且差异均有统计学意义(t=2.864~16.462,均P<0.05)。与未照射对照组比较,1000 mg/L和1500 mg/L维生素E组的果蝇幼虫羽化为成虫48 h内的死亡率分别从(54.0±5.0)%降低至(36.1±7.6)%和(37.5±5.8)%,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.386,P=0.028;t=3.718,P=0.021)。 结论 维生素E通过减少氧化性应激来减缓果蝇幼虫辐照后的氧化损伤,并能提高果蝇的辐射抗性。 Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of different concentrations of vitamin E on the sensitivity of fruit fly larvae after gamma-ray irradiation. Methods Different concentrations(100, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L) of vitamin E were used to treat W1118 fruit fly larvae, and 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation of 50 Gy was utilized. The pupation and eclosion rates, mortality rate after eclosion for 48 h, catalase activity(CAT), and glutathione(GSH) content of fruit fly larvae were measured, and the antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage status were analyzed. LSD t-test was used to compare groups. Results The pupation rate, emergence rate, climbing ability, CAT activity, and GSH content of fruit fly larvae in the vitamin E(1000 mg/L and 1500 mg/L) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.864–16.462, all P<0.05). In comparison with the non-irradiated control group, the mortality rate of fruit fly larvae in the vitamin E group with concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 1500 mg/L significantly decreased from(54.0±5.0)% to(36.1±7.6)% and(37.5±5.8)%, respectively, within 48 h of emergence to adult(t=3.386, P=0.028; t=3.718, P=0.021). Conclusion Vitamin E can slow down the oxidative damage of Drosophila melanogaster larvae after irradiation by reducing oxidative stress, as well as improve the radiation resistance of Drosophila melanogaster. -
Key words:
- Vitamin E /
- Gamma rays /
- Radiation protection /
- Drosophila melanogaster /
- Oxidative stress
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