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分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma, DTC)是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,包括甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)和甲状腺滤泡状癌(follicular thyroid carcinoma,FTC)。近年来,DTC的发病率显著升高。大部分DTC患者通过“甲状腺全切或次全切手术+术后选择性131I治疗+甲状腺激素抑制治疗”这一治疗方案,获得了较好的治疗效果[1]。血清甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibodies,TgAb)水平的测定、颈部超声及131I诊断性全身显像(diagnostic whole body scan,Dx-WBS)是DTC患者随访的主要检查项目。Tg是甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞分泌的大分子糖蛋白,现作为肿瘤标志物用于DTC患者治疗后的随访,目前Tg的测定通常采用电化学发光免疫分析法,而高滴度的血清TgAb会影响Tg的测定,导致Tg假阴性,从而使Tg值失去参考价值。临床上,约25%的DTC患者合并TgAb阳性[2-3]。有文献报道,TgAb和Tg一样也可能是DTC的独立肿瘤标志物,对判断DTC疾病的持续或复发有重要意义[4],因此关于血清TgAb阳性的DTC患者的治疗及随访成为临床重点关注的问题。通常TgAb阳性多见于桥本甲状腺炎(hashimoto thyroiditis,HT)等甲状腺自身免疫性疾病,而临床中DTC合并HT的患者并不少见,但关于此类患者的预后及其TgAb水平的变化与预后的关系,国内外相关报道较少。因此,本研究以血清TgAb阳性的DTC患者为研究对象,分析DTC合并HT患者的预后,并观察TgAb水平的变化及其与预后的关系。
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G1组与G2组患者的临床及病理资料见表1,G1组患者年龄比G2组小,且差异有统计学意义,其他临床及病理资料均无统计学意义。
组别 例数 男/女(例) 年龄(岁) TNM分期(例) 风险分层(例) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 低 中 高 G1组 49 3/49 37.98±9.87 38 0 6 5 4 36 9 G2组 92 11/92 42.39±11.63 57 3 7 25 8 63 21 检验值 χ2=1.217 t=−2.257 − χ2=0.423 P值 0.270 0.026 0.083 0.809 注:表中,DTC:分化型甲状腺癌;G1组:DTC合并桥本甲状腺炎;G2组:DTC不合并桥本甲状腺炎;TNM:肿瘤大小及局部浸润范围、淋巴结受累情况、远处转移;−:Fisher检验无检验值。 表 1 2组DTC患者的临床及病理资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical and pathological data between the two groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
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2组患者疾病持续或复发率分别为6.12%(3/49)和21.74%(20/92),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.712,P=0.017)。G1组疾病持续或复发病例中,1例患者为疾病持续,2例为疾病复发或转移(1例超声示可疑淋巴结,1例PET/CT示可疑病灶,均经病理证实为疾病复发或转移);G2组疾病持续或复发病例中,6例为疾病持续,14例为疾病复发或转移(7例超声示颈部可疑淋巴结,3例131I-Dx-WBS示颈部、纵隔及左侧腋窝摄碘灶,4例PET/CT示颈部淋巴结或纵膈软组织代谢活跃灶,均经病理证实为复发或转移)。
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手术+131I治疗前后,G1组患者的血清TgAb水平呈下降趋势的比例(46/49,93.88%)明显高于G2组(60/92,65.22%),且差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.073,P<0.001)。G1组患者中,TgAb水平下降的疾病持续或复发和无疾病持续或复发分别为1例和45例,TgAb水平持续或上升的疾病持续或复发和无疾病持续或复发分别为2例和1例,TgAb水平下降的疾病持续或复发率(1/46,2.17%)低于TgAb水平持续或上升(2/3,66.67%),差异有统计学意义(Fisher检验,P=0.008)。G2组患者中,TgAb水平下降的疾病持续或复发和无疾病持续或复发分别为4例和56例,TgAb水平持续或上升的疾病持续或复发和无疾病持续或复发均为16例,TgAb水平下降的疾病持续或复发率(4/60,6.67%)低于TgAb水平持续或上升(16/32,50.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.034,P=0.000)。
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G1组术前TgAb水平、手术+131I治疗前后TgAb下降水平及下降率均大于G2组(表2)。
组别 例数 术前TgAb水平(IU/mL) 手术+131I治疗前后
TgAb下降水平(IU/mL)手术+131I治疗前后
TgAb下降率(%)G1组[M(P25、P75)] 49 558.70(381.50,1547.50) 398.09(177.75,834.53) 85.15%(55.86%,94.04%) G2组[M(P25、P75)] 92 352.35(180.00,717.93) 124.84(−68.80,334.15) 41.43%(−42.84%,78.23%) U值 1581.00 1210.00 1113.00 P值 0.004 0.000 0.000 注:表中,DTC:分化型甲状腺癌;G1组:DTC合并桥本甲状腺炎;G2组:DTC不合并桥本甲状腺炎;TgAb:甲状腺球蛋白抗体。手术+131I治疗前后TgAb下降水平=术前TgAb水平−131I治疗后TgAb水平;手术+131I治疗前后TgAb下降率=手术+131I治疗前后TgAb变化水平/术前TgAb水平。 表 2 2组DTC患者手术+131I治疗前后TgAb水平的变化
Table 2. Changes of TgAb levels before and after operation +131I in two groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
分化型甲状腺癌合并桥本甲状腺炎患者血清TgAb水平检测的临床价值
Clinical value of serum TgAb test in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma coexistent with Hashimoto thyroiditis
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摘要:
目的 分析经手术+131I清甲治疗后血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)阳性且合并桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者的预后,并观察TgAb水平的变化及其与预后的关系。 方法 对2013年5月至2016年10月本院收治的141例经手术+131I治疗后血清TgAb阳性(>115 IU/mL)的DTC患者进行回顾性分析,其中男性14例、女性127例,年龄15~74(40.86±11.21)岁。根据DTC患者是否合并HT分为DTC合并HT组(G1组,n=49)和DTC不合并HT组(G2组,n=92)。比较2组在疾病持续或复发率方面有无差异,同时分析TgAb水平变化及其与疾病预后的关系。DTC患者中位随访时间为22(12~56)个月。2组间预后评估及TgAb趋势分析采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;不同组间TgAb水平及其变化差异采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。 结果 G1组患者年龄比G2组小,且差异有统计学意义(t=−2.275,P=0.026),其他临床及病理资料均无统计学意义。G1组患者疾病持续或复发率(3/49,6.12%)明显低于G2组(20/92,21.74%),且差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.712,P=0.017)。G1组患者手术+131I治疗前后TgAb水平呈下降趋势的比例(46/49,93.88%)明显高于G2组(60/92,65.22%),且差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.073,P<0.001)。G1组患者中TgAb水平下降的疾病持续或复发率(1/46,2.17%)低于TgAb水平持续或上升(2/3,66.67%),差异有统计学意义(Fisher检验无检验值,P=0.008);G2组患者中TgAb水平下降的疾病持续或复发率(4/60,6.67%)低于TgAb水平持续或上升(16/32,50.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.034,P=0.000)。G1组术前TgAb水平、手术+131I治疗前后TgAb下降水平及下降率均大于G2组(558.70 IU/mL vs. 352.35 IU/mL,398.09 IU/mL vs. 124.84 IU/mL,85.15% vs. 41.43%),差异均有统计学意义(U=1581.00、1210.00、1113.00,均P<0.05)。 结论 手术+131I清甲治疗后血清TgAb阳性且合并HT的DTC患者的预后较好,TgAb水平的变化趋势可作为DTC患者疾病预后的监测指标。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the prognosis of patients with positive serum thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb) in the papillary thyroid carcinoma(DTC) coexistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT) after thyroidectomy + 131I ablation and observe the change in TgAb and its association with the prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 patients with DTC possessing positive serum TgAb (>115 IU/mL) that were admitted to our hospital from May 2013 to October 2016 after surgical +131I treatment, including 14 males and 127 females aged 15−74(40.86±11.21). Patients were divided into DTC with HT (G1 group, n=49) and DTC without HT groups(G2 group, n=92) according to the presense of concurrent HT or not. The disease duration or recurrence rates between the two groups were compared. The changes in TgAb level and its relationship with prognosis were also analyzed. The median follow-up of patients with DTC was 22 months(12−56 months). Prognostic assessment and TgAb trend analysis between the two groups were performed by χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method. The difference in TgAb levels between different groups was tested by Mann-Whitney U rank sum test. Results The age of the patients in the G1 group was lower than that in the G2 group, and the difference was statistically significant. Other clinical and pathological data were statistically in significant. The disease duration or recurrence rate in patients in the G1 group(3/49, 6.12%) was significantly lower than that in the G2 group(20/92, 21.74%, χ2=5.712, P=0.017). The TgAb proportion showed a declining trend before and after surgery +131I in the G1 group(46/49, 93.88%), which was significantly higher than that in G2 group(60/92, 65.22%, χ2=14.073, P< 0.001). In the G1 group, the disease persistence or recurrence rate of TgAb level decreased (1/46, 2.17%) was lower than that of TgAb sustained or increased(2/3, 66.67%, Fisher's test P=0.008). The disease persistence or recurrence rate of TgAb decreased in the patients in the the G2 group(4/60, 6.67%) and was lower than that of TgAb sustained or increased (16/32, 50.00%, χ2=23.034, P=0.000). The TgAb value level of preoperative, and the changes in values and rates of TgAb before and after thyroidectomy + 131I ablation in the G1 group(558.70 IU/mL, 398.09 IU/mL, and 85.15%) were greater than those in the G2 group(352.35 IU/mL, 124.84 IU/mL, and 41.43%), and the differences were statistically significant(U=1581.00, 1210.00 and 1113.00, all P<0.05). Conclusion Among the patients with DTC having positive serum TgAb after thyroidectomy + 131I ablation, the patients with coexistented HT had improved prognosis, and the change in trend of TgAb can be used as an indicator in monitoring the prognosis of patients with DTC. -
Key words:
- Differentiated thyroid carcinoma /
- Hashimoto disease /
- Thyroglobulin antibody /
- Prognosis
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表 1 2组DTC患者的临床及病理资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical and pathological data between the two groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
组别 例数 男/女(例) 年龄(岁) TNM分期(例) 风险分层(例) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 低 中 高 G1组 49 3/49 37.98±9.87 38 0 6 5 4 36 9 G2组 92 11/92 42.39±11.63 57 3 7 25 8 63 21 检验值 χ2=1.217 t=−2.257 − χ2=0.423 P值 0.270 0.026 0.083 0.809 注:表中,DTC:分化型甲状腺癌;G1组:DTC合并桥本甲状腺炎;G2组:DTC不合并桥本甲状腺炎;TNM:肿瘤大小及局部浸润范围、淋巴结受累情况、远处转移;−:Fisher检验无检验值。 表 2 2组DTC患者手术+131I治疗前后TgAb水平的变化
Table 2. Changes of TgAb levels before and after operation +131I in two groups of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients
组别 例数 术前TgAb水平(IU/mL) 手术+131I治疗前后
TgAb下降水平(IU/mL)手术+131I治疗前后
TgAb下降率(%)G1组[M(P25、P75)] 49 558.70(381.50,1547.50) 398.09(177.75,834.53) 85.15%(55.86%,94.04%) G2组[M(P25、P75)] 92 352.35(180.00,717.93) 124.84(−68.80,334.15) 41.43%(−42.84%,78.23%) U值 1581.00 1210.00 1113.00 P值 0.004 0.000 0.000 注:表中,DTC:分化型甲状腺癌;G1组:DTC合并桥本甲状腺炎;G2组:DTC不合并桥本甲状腺炎;TgAb:甲状腺球蛋白抗体。手术+131I治疗前后TgAb下降水平=术前TgAb水平−131I治疗后TgAb水平;手术+131I治疗前后TgAb下降率=手术+131I治疗前后TgAb变化水平/术前TgAb水平。 -
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