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肺磨玻璃结节(ground-glass opacity,GGO)即通常所称的毛玻璃密度结节,是肺结节非特异性的影像学表现之一,其包括单纯型肺GGO和混合型肺GGO。有研究表明,以肺GGO为表现的早期肺癌手术治疗后,5年生存率可达100%[1]。在早期鉴别出浸润性病变和微或无浸润性病变后,通过及时的治疗,对提高患者的生存率及生存质量有着重要意义[2]。若肺GGO过度诊断和治疗,不仅增加社会医疗负担,而且加重患者的心理负担。因此,对肺GGO良恶性的判定越来越受到影像科医师的重视,也成为临床医师面临的重大挑战。我们通过分析59例周围孤立性肺GGO患者,采用CT引导下经皮穿刺活检进行病理诊断,探讨其可行性及安全性,在保证样本质量的前提下,尽量避免气胸、出血等并发症的发生,为临床提供一种准确率高、风险小的方法。
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59例周围孤立性肺GGO患者中,真阳性病变32例、真阴性病变21例、假阴性病变6例,CT引导下经皮穿刺活检诊断的准确率、灵敏度和特异度分别为89.8%、84.2%和100%,误诊率为0,漏诊率为15.8%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为77.8%(表1)。病理结果均为腺癌。典型病例的CT图像和病理图见图1。
病理结果 经手术、临床或随访结果证实 合计 阳性(恶性) 阴性(良性) 阳性(恶性) 32 0 32 阴性(良性) 6 21 27 合计 38 21 59 表 1 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对59例周围孤立性肺磨玻璃结节患者的临床和病理结果(例)
Table 1. Clinical and pathological results of 59 patients with isolated lung ground-glass opacity under CT guidance percutaneous biopsy(case)
图 1 周围孤立性肺磨玻璃结节患者(男性,47岁)的CT图和病理图
Figure 1. CT and pathology of patients with solitary lung ground glass-opacity (male, 47 year)
表2的结果显示,CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对不同分组的59例周围孤立性肺GGO患者诊断的准确率较高且均≥80%,灵敏度均≥75%,特异度均为100%,但总体并发症的发生率较高。
分组 例数 灵敏度(%) 特异度(%) 误诊率(%) 漏诊率(%) 准确率(%) 并发症的发生率(%) 轴位最大直径(d,cm) d<1 21 85.7(12/14) 100(7/7) 0 14.3(2/14) 90.5(19/21) 59.4 1≤d<2 27 82.4(14/17) 100(10/10) 0 17.6(3/17) 88.9(24/27) 42.7 d≥2 11 85.7(6/7) 100(4/4) 0 14.3(1/7) 90.9(10/11) 31.1 实性成分所占比例 pGGO 14 77.8(7/9) 100(5/5) 0 22.2(2/9) 85.7(12/14) 54.7 mGGO实性成分≤50% 29 89.5(17/19) 100(10/10) 0 10.5(2/19) 93.1(27/29) 36.2 mGGO实性成分>50% 16 80.0(8/10) 100(6/6) 0 20.0(2/10) 87.5(14/16) 41.1 病变位置 上叶 27 82.4(14/17) 100(10/10) 0 17.6(3/17) 88.9(24/27) 42.3 中叶 6 75.0(3/4) 100(2/2) 0 25.0(1/4) 83.3(5/6) 39.7 下叶 26 88.2(15/17) 100(9/9) 0 11.8(2/17) 92.3(24/26) 59.6 距胸膜的距离(cm) <1 21 86.7(11/13) 100(8/8) 0 13.3(2/13) 90.5(19/21) 41.2 ≥1 38 84.0(21/25) 100(13/13) 0 16.0(4/25) 89.5(34/38) 54.7 穿刺针-胸膜的角度(α) α<30° 7 80.0(4/5) 100(2/2) 0 20.0(1/5) 85.7(6/7) 61.1 30°≤α<60° 35 85.7(18/21) 100(14/14) 0 14.3(3/21) 91.4(32/35) 49.7 α≥60° 17 83.3(10/12) 100(5/5) 0 16.7(2/12) 88.2(15/17) 41.1 调针次数(次) 0 43 88.9(24/27) 100(16/16) 0 11.1(3/27) 93.0(40/43) 33.3 1 11 71.7(5/7) 100(4/4) 0 28.3(2/7) 81.8(9/11) 42.7 ≥2 5 75.0(3/4) 100(1/1) 0 25.0(1/4) 80.0(4/5) 57.1 注:表中,GGO:磨玻璃结节;pGGO:单纯型GGO;mGGO:混合型GGO。 表 2 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对不同分组的59例周围孤立性肺GGO患者的诊断结果
Table 2. Diagnostic results of 59 patients with isolated lung ground-glass opacity in different groups under CT guided percutaneous biopsy
由表3可见,混合型肺GGO实性成分≤50%和>50%之间的良恶性比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.13,P=0.01)。
分组 阳性(例) 阴性(例) 合计(例) 阳性率(%) χ2值 P值 实性成分≤50% 11 18 29 37.93 6.13 0.01 实性成分>50% 13 3 16 81.25 合计 24 21 45 53.33 表 3 45例混合型肺磨玻璃结节不同比例实性成分的良恶性对比
Table 3. Comparison of benign and malignant ratios of solid components in 45 mixed lung milled glass nodules
CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对周围孤立性肺磨玻璃结节的诊断价值
Diagnostic value of CT guided percutaneous biopsy for peripheral solitary pulmonary ground-glass nodules
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摘要:
目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对周围孤立性肺磨玻璃结节(GGO)的诊断价值。 方法 选取2017年1月至12月行CT检查的59例肺GGO患者,均接受CT引导下经皮穿刺活检,经手术、临床或随访结果证实。根据肺GGO轴位最大直径、实性成分所占比例、病变位置、距胸膜的距离、穿刺针-胸膜的角度、调针次数进行分组,采用单因素分析测定诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异度及并发症的发生率。混合型GGO中实性成分≤50%和>50%之间的良恶性比较采用χ2检验。 结果 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对59例周围孤立性肺GGO患者诊断的准确率、灵敏度和特异度分别为89.8%(53/59)、84.2%(32/38)、100%(21/21),病理结果均证实为腺癌。根据方法中的不同分组,测定诊断的准确率较高且均≥80%,灵敏度均≥75%,特异度均为100%,但总体并发症的发生率较高。混合型GGO实性成分≤50%和>50%之间的良恶性比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.13,P=0.01)。 结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对周围孤立性肺GGO具有较高的诊断价值,GGO中实性成分比例与其恶性程度有一定的相关性。 -
关键词:
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 孤立性肺结节 /
- 磨玻璃结节 /
- 经皮穿刺活检术
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the value of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis of solitary ground glass nodules(GGO) around the lung. Methods Fifty-nine patients with solitary frosted glass nodules around the lungs who underwent CT examinations from January 2017 to December 2017 were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, which was confirmed by surgery, clinical, or follow-up, in accordance with the maximum diameter of the lung GGO axial position, the proportion of solid components, the location of the lesion, the distance from the pleura, the angle of the needle-pleural, and the number of needle adjustments. Univariate analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and incidence of complications. A chi-square test was used to compare the benign and malignant between solid components ≤50% and >50% in mixed GGO. Results The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the diagnosis of 59 patients with solitary pulmonary GGO were 89.8%(53/59), 84.2%(32/38), and 100%(21/21), respectively, thereby confirming the disease as adenocarcinoma. According to different groups used in the method, the accuracy of the diagnosis is higher than 80%, the sensitivity is higher than 75%, and the specificity is 100%, but the incidence of overall complications is also higher. The difference between the mixed GGO solid components ≤50% and >50% was statistically significant ( χ2=6.13, P<0.05). Conclusions CT-guided percutaneous biopsy has high diagnostic value for isolated GGO. The proportion of solid components in GGO has a certain correlation with the degree of malignancy. -
表 1 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对59例周围孤立性肺磨玻璃结节患者的临床和病理结果(例)
Table 1. Clinical and pathological results of 59 patients with isolated lung ground-glass opacity under CT guidance percutaneous biopsy(case)
病理结果 经手术、临床或随访结果证实 合计 阳性(恶性) 阴性(良性) 阳性(恶性) 32 0 32 阴性(良性) 6 21 27 合计 38 21 59 表 2 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对不同分组的59例周围孤立性肺GGO患者的诊断结果
Table 2. Diagnostic results of 59 patients with isolated lung ground-glass opacity in different groups under CT guided percutaneous biopsy
分组 例数 灵敏度(%) 特异度(%) 误诊率(%) 漏诊率(%) 准确率(%) 并发症的发生率(%) 轴位最大直径(d,cm) d<1 21 85.7(12/14) 100(7/7) 0 14.3(2/14) 90.5(19/21) 59.4 1≤d<2 27 82.4(14/17) 100(10/10) 0 17.6(3/17) 88.9(24/27) 42.7 d≥2 11 85.7(6/7) 100(4/4) 0 14.3(1/7) 90.9(10/11) 31.1 实性成分所占比例 pGGO 14 77.8(7/9) 100(5/5) 0 22.2(2/9) 85.7(12/14) 54.7 mGGO实性成分≤50% 29 89.5(17/19) 100(10/10) 0 10.5(2/19) 93.1(27/29) 36.2 mGGO实性成分>50% 16 80.0(8/10) 100(6/6) 0 20.0(2/10) 87.5(14/16) 41.1 病变位置 上叶 27 82.4(14/17) 100(10/10) 0 17.6(3/17) 88.9(24/27) 42.3 中叶 6 75.0(3/4) 100(2/2) 0 25.0(1/4) 83.3(5/6) 39.7 下叶 26 88.2(15/17) 100(9/9) 0 11.8(2/17) 92.3(24/26) 59.6 距胸膜的距离(cm) <1 21 86.7(11/13) 100(8/8) 0 13.3(2/13) 90.5(19/21) 41.2 ≥1 38 84.0(21/25) 100(13/13) 0 16.0(4/25) 89.5(34/38) 54.7 穿刺针-胸膜的角度(α) α<30° 7 80.0(4/5) 100(2/2) 0 20.0(1/5) 85.7(6/7) 61.1 30°≤α<60° 35 85.7(18/21) 100(14/14) 0 14.3(3/21) 91.4(32/35) 49.7 α≥60° 17 83.3(10/12) 100(5/5) 0 16.7(2/12) 88.2(15/17) 41.1 调针次数(次) 0 43 88.9(24/27) 100(16/16) 0 11.1(3/27) 93.0(40/43) 33.3 1 11 71.7(5/7) 100(4/4) 0 28.3(2/7) 81.8(9/11) 42.7 ≥2 5 75.0(3/4) 100(1/1) 0 25.0(1/4) 80.0(4/5) 57.1 注:表中,GGO:磨玻璃结节;pGGO:单纯型GGO;mGGO:混合型GGO。 表 3 45例混合型肺磨玻璃结节不同比例实性成分的良恶性对比
Table 3. Comparison of benign and malignant ratios of solid components in 45 mixed lung milled glass nodules
分组 阳性(例) 阴性(例) 合计(例) 阳性率(%) χ2值 P值 实性成分≤50% 11 18 29 37.93 6.13 0.01 实性成分>50% 13 3 16 81.25 合计 24 21 45 53.33 -
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