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近年来,随着饮食结构和生活作息的改变,颈动脉粥样硬化的发病率逐年升高,作为影响脑血管功能的主要病因,其越来越受到临床医师及患者的关注[1]。颈动脉造影是诊断颈动脉狭窄的“金标准”[2],但只能判断狭窄程度,不能分析斑块性质,是有创检查且价格高昂,这些缺点限制了被广泛应用。数字减影CT血管成像(digital subtraction CT angiography,DSCTA)技术及其强大的影像后处理软件,能提供较全面的诊断信息[3]。彩色多普勒超声(color doppler ultrasound,CDUS)因便捷、廉价、局部成像效果好的特点,成为目前颈动脉斑块筛查的主要手段[4]。但是上述两种方法各有劣势,本研究通过分析90例患者颈动脉的影像学信息,对比DSCTA与CDUS对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的检出率、斑块性质、狭窄程度等方面的诊断价值。
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2位主任医师使用DSCTA对颈动脉狭窄的诊断中,有4例出现意见不一致,一致性检验Kappa值为0.906(P=0.046)。
由表 1可见,CDUS共检出218处斑块,其中钙化斑块138处、混合斑块39处、脂质斑块41处;DSCTA共检出175处斑块,其中钙化斑块133处、混合斑块30处、脂质斑块12处。典型病例的CDUS和DSCTA图像见图 1、2。
图 1 左侧颈总动脉斑块的CDUS与DSCTA图像(箭头示总动脉侧后壁)
Figure 1. Color doppler ultrasound and digital subtraction CT angiography displayed one plaque located the left common carotid artery
图 2 左侧颈内动脉斑块的CDUS与DSCTA的图像(箭头示颈总动脉起始段)
Figure 2. Color doppler and digital subtraction CT angiography displayed one plaque located the left internal carotid artery
斑块情况 DSCTA CDUS χ2值 P值 颈部分布 0.058 0.839 左颈部 95 121 右颈部 80 97 血管分布 0.084 0.959 颈总动脉 133 168 颈内动脉 30 35 颈外动脉 12 15 斑块大小 10.035 0.002 < 5 mm 25 60 ≥5 mm 150 158 斑块性质 12.58 0.002 钙化斑块 133 138 混合斑块 30 39 脂质斑块 12 41 注:表中,DSCTA:数字减影CT血管成像;CDUS:彩色多普勒超声。 表 1 DSCTA与CDUS在诊断颈动脉斑块中的应用对比
Table 1. Comparison of reliablity between digital subtraction computed tomography angiography and color doppler ultrasound in detecting carotid atherosclerosis plaques
90例患者双侧颈部CDUS检查发现54例颈动脉狭窄,3例为双侧狭窄,其中轻度狭窄26例、中度狭窄10例、重度狭窄16例、完全闭塞2例。DSCTA检查发现52例颈动脉狭窄,3例为双侧狭窄,其中轻度狭窄29例、中度狭窄9例、重度狭窄12例、完全闭塞2例。DSCTA与CDUS在诊断颈动脉狭窄分度是无明显差异(χ2=0.75,P=0.861)。两种诊断方法在血管分布、斑块大小等方面的比较见表 1。
CDUS检出 < 5 mm小斑块60处,DSCTA检出25处,CDUS检出了更多小斑块,两者的差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.035,P=0.002);两种方法检出的斑块在左、右颈部(χ2=0.058,P=0.839)及血管分布上的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.084,P=0.959)。
数字减影CT血管成像与彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率及斑块性质、狭窄程度判定的效果比较
Comparison of digital subtraction computed tomography angiography and color doppler ultrasound on the detection rate of carotid atherosclerosis plaques and the evaluation of plaque properties and stenosis degree
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摘要:
目的比较数字减影CT血管成像(DSCTA)与彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的检出、斑块性质及狭窄程度判定的价值以及一致性。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年10月就诊的可疑颈动脉狭窄患者90例,分别进行DSCTA与CDUS检查。采用卡方检验对比斑块分布、大小、斑块性质和狭窄程度。 结果90例患者双侧颈部DSCTA检查发现52例颈动脉狭窄,3例为双侧狭窄,其中轻度狭窄29例、中度狭窄9例、重度狭窄12例,完全闭塞2例;检出斑块175处,其中钙化斑块133处、混合斑块30处、脂质斑块12处。90例患者双侧颈部CDUS检查发现54处颈动脉狭窄,3例为双侧狭窄,其中轻度狭窄26例、中度狭窄10例、重度狭窄16例,完全闭塞2例;检出斑块218处,其中钙化斑块138处、混合斑块39处、脂质斑块41处。DSCTA与CDUS诊断颈动脉狭窄的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.75,P=0.861);CDUS检查发现了更多的可见斑块及脂质斑块, < 5 mm的小斑块(60处)检出率明显高于DSCTA(25处),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.035,P=0.002)。 结论DSCTA与CDUS对颈动脉狭窄的诊断效能均较高,具有较好的临床应用价值。CDUS对 < 5 mm斑块的检出优于DSCTA。 -
关键词:
- 血管造影术, 数字减影 /
- 体层摄影术, X线计算机 /
- 超声检查, 多普勒, 彩色 /
- 斑块, 动脉粥样硬化 /
- 颈动脉狭窄
Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the value of digital subtraction computed tomography angiography (DSCTA) and color doppler ultrasound (CDUS) in the detection of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, plaque properties, and degree of stenosis. MethodsA total of 90 patients suspicted with carotid artery stenosis were diagnosed in the department from January 2015 to October 2017 and examined with DSCTA and CDUS. The detection rates and plaques of carotid atherosclerotic plaques diagnosed by the two methods were observed. The nature and degree of carotid artery stenosis were compared. ResultsDSCTA examination of bilateral neck of the 90 patients revealed 52 carotid artery stenosis, 3 of which were bilateral stenosis. A total of 29 cases were diagnosed with mild stenosis, 9 cases with moderate stenosis, 12 cases with severe stenosis, and 2 cases with complete occlusion. A total of 175 plaques, including 133 calcified plaques, 30 mixed plaques, and 12 plaques, were detected. In the 90 necks of both necks, CDUS findings revealed 54 carotid stenosis, of which 3 were bilateral stenosis. Mild stenosis occurred in 26 cases, moderate stenosis in 10 cases, severe stenosis in 16 cases, and complete occlusion in 2 cases. A total of 218 plaques were detected, and they included 138 calcified plaques, 39 mixed plaques, and 41 plaques. No significant difference was observed between DSCTA and CDUS in terms of diagnosis of carotid stenosis (χ2=0.75, P=0.861). For most of the visible plaques and lipid plaques, the detection rate of < 5 mm small plaques(60) was significantly higher than that of DSCTA(25) (χ2=10.035, P=0.002). ConclusionsThe two diagnostic methods feature high diagnostic capability for carotid stenosis and desirable clinical application value. CDUS was superior to DSCTA in detecting carotid atherosderotic plaque < 5 mm in diameter. -
表 1 DSCTA与CDUS在诊断颈动脉斑块中的应用对比
Table 1. Comparison of reliablity between digital subtraction computed tomography angiography and color doppler ultrasound in detecting carotid atherosclerosis plaques
斑块情况 DSCTA CDUS χ2值 P值 颈部分布 0.058 0.839 左颈部 95 121 右颈部 80 97 血管分布 0.084 0.959 颈总动脉 133 168 颈内动脉 30 35 颈外动脉 12 15 斑块大小 10.035 0.002 < 5 mm 25 60 ≥5 mm 150 158 斑块性质 12.58 0.002 钙化斑块 133 138 混合斑块 30 39 脂质斑块 12 41 注:表中,DSCTA:数字减影CT血管成像;CDUS:彩色多普勒超声。 -
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