Abstract: There are a wide variety of pancreatic lesions, which are mainly classified as neoplastic lesions, such as exocrine gland tumors, endocrine tumors, and mesenchymal tumors, etc. and non-neoplastic lesions which include pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatic cysts, etc. In view of the complex and diversified imaging features of different pancreatic diseases, the author selected two kinds of diseases that are often misdiagnosed in clinical work to analyze and discuss: IgG4-related sclerosing pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst. We analyzed and discriminated from the clinical features, conventional imaging features and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging features respectively, to provide clinical help.