Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging functional molecules that can regulate downstream target genes by influencing genetic transcription and protein translation and stability. LncRNAs play an important role in various biological processes, such as growth and development, immune response, metabolic regulation, and oncogenesis. Ionizing radiation can induce the expression of lncRNAs that can participate in ionizing radiation-induced damage response and repair. Thus, studying lncRNAs related to ionizing radiation is helpful in enriching our understanding of the mechanisms of damage response. Herein, we aimed to review the structures, functions, and target gene regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in ionizing radiation.