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高剂量γ射线照射能引起生物体功能障碍甚至死亡,果蝇因遗传背景清楚、生命周期短及遗传学可操作性高而成为放射生物学研究的良好模式生物[1]。尤其是基因表达调控系统Upstream Activating Sequence-GALactose4(简称UAS-Gal4)的引入使通过杂交获取特定外源基因表达变得更加容易[2]。γ射线照射主要通过两种途径对果蝇造成损害。(1)直接损伤途径:DNA断裂,γ射线使得果蝇DNA双键断裂、组织中体细胞突变,这些结果的累积是老化的基本机制之一[3];(2)间接损伤途径:组织氧化损伤,γ射线可诱导机体产生各种自由基,如超氧阴离子(O2-)、羟自由基(·OH)及各种非自由基氧化物,如过氧化氢、氧原子等[4],这些活性氧成分会对DNA、脂膜及蛋白质等大分子造成氧化损伤。笔者主要研究了γ射线照射对W1118(野生型,白眼)、UAS-EGFP(EGFP转基因果蝇,红眼)和Actin-Gal4(Gal4广泛表达果蝇,红眼)3个品系雌果蝇生存、运动、生殖以及抗氧化能力的影响。本研究结果可为监测核事故泄漏剂量及进一步将抗辐射基因转入果蝇体内的辐射防护研究奠定基础。
不同剂量137Cs γ射线照射对雌果蝇的辐射损伤和氧化效应
Irradiation damage and oxidative effects of different doses by 137Cs gamma ray on female Drosophila melanogaster
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摘要:
目的了解不同剂量γ射线照射对雌果蝇产生的辐射损伤与氧化效应。 方法采用不同剂量137Cs γ射线照射白眼W1118、红眼UAS-EGFP和Actin-Gal4雌果蝇,再测定其生存、运动和生殖能力。通过测定雌果蝇体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量对果蝇成虫的辐射和氧化损伤进行评价。组间比较均采用LSD-t检验进行统计学分析。 结果137Cs γ射线对W1118、UAS-EGFP、Actin-Gal4的半数致死剂量分别为1513、1643、1809 Gy;3个品系3日龄雌果蝇成虫的生存率、攀爬高度分数、产卵量与γ射线照射剂量呈负相关;与未照射组相比,1550 Gy照射后雌果蝇成虫体内的CAT活力降低,差异有统计学意义(t=10.76、13.84、11.22,均P < 0.05);MDA含量升高,差异有统计学意义(t=4.51、4.26、4.35,均P < 0.05)。 结论高剂量γ射线照射导致的雌果蝇成虫的生存、运动和生殖能力降低可能与其氧化损伤相关。 Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the radiation damage and oxidative effects of different doses by gamma radiation on female adult Drosophila. MethodsThree strains of female Drosophila melanogaster of white eye W1118, red eye UAS-EGFP, and Actin-Gal4 were treated with different doses of 137Cs-gamma rays. Then, their survival, movement, and reproductive abilities were measured. The oxidative damage of the female adult Drodophila. melanogaster was evaluated by measuring catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. ResultsThe half lethal doses of W1118, UAS-EGFP, and Actin-Gal4 were 1513, 1643, and 1809 Gy, respectively. The survival rate, climbing height fraction, and fecundity of the three-day-old female Drosophila were negatively correlated with the radiation dose. After irradiation, the activities of CAT decreased (t=10.76, 13.84, 11.22, all P < 0.05) and the content of MDA increased (t=4.51, 4.26, 4.35, all P < 0.05) in the female Drosophila adult body. ConclusionThe reduced survival, movement, and fecundity of female adult Drosophila. melanogaster may be related to the oxidative damage under high doses of gamma radiation. -
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