Abstract: Ionizing radiation damage is not only a public health problem but is also a national security issue. Excellent treatment effect, high safety, and small side effects of radioprotective agents have been the goal of scientists attempting to study this concern. In recent years, research on radioprotective agents, along with the development of molecular biology, immunology, and other disciplines, has reached an advanced breakthrough. At present, drugs such as 5-androstenediol (5-AED), CBLB502, Ex-RAD, and HemaMax have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials, and newly discovered drugs such as LY294002 and 17 -DMAG are under development. This paper is based on the recent discoveries and progress of foreign -related publications and patents in the field of radiation protection. New advances in drugs, as well as anti-radiation drugs for acute radiation syndrome, have been the focus of recent studies.