Abstract: Retinal synthetic functions are adjusted by various neurotransmitters(e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5 -hydroxytryptamine, and σ receptor) and can be visualized through nuclear receptor imaging. This technology has rapidly advanced in recent years with the development of nuclear medical equipment and agents. Retinal receptor imaging has become a pioneer medical technique that combines molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and ophthalmology. This article provides a brief introduction on the latest advances in retinal neurotransmitters and describes recent studies on retinal receptor molecular imaging.