Abstract: Apoptosis is one of the important indices about the early assessment of the efficacy of tumor treatment. Among molecular imaging techniques of tumor apoptosis, radionuclide imaging is the most extensively studied and the most sensitive imaging modality, which can noninvasively and dynamically detect cell apoptosis induced by treatment in vivo, especially for efficacy of cancer therapies and prognosis of malignancies. Recently, as one of the key techniques, specific molecular probes are being developed. The representative molecular probes of the radionuclide imaging for tumor apoptosis are reviewed.