Abstract: Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2(HER2) affibody molecules hold the advantage of high specificity and affinity, small size, simple synthesis, and excellent biological dynamics. It has been widely used in molecular imaging and treatment of tumor, with an eye towards clinical translation. The molecular probes of radionuclide-labeled HER2 affibody can not only be used in receptor imaging and response evaluation of tumor, but also in targeted therapy. This article reviewed the latest researches on radionuclide-labeled HER2 affibody.