Abstract: At present, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine(¹³¹I) and surgical therapy were considered as the three major methods for hyperthyroidism therapy. With the acceptance of the safety of ¹³¹I therapy in hyperthyroidism, more and more patients become to choose it as their therapeutic method, especially the patients with liver injury or blood cell reduction complications. This paper summaries the advantages and risks of ¹³¹I therapy in this two special hyperthyroidism patients groups according to the recent paper and clinical practice.