Abstract: Diabetes is significant public health problem. Islet transplantation has been a promising treatment for diabetes. Recently, molecular imaging methods like optical imaging, radionuclide imaging, MRI and US, could monitor islet transplantation in vivo via non-invasive way and provide high sensitive and specific monitoring methods for islet transplantation. Especially in recent years, the success of islet cell imaging with the glucagon like peptide 1 analogue, brings a new method for the monitoring of islet cell transplantation and demonstrates favorable prospect in clinical practice.