Abstract: Head and neck neoplasms is one of the most common malignancies, and radiotherapy is one of the important means of treatment for these patients. With the progress of the treatment means, the survival of these patients has been prolonged obviously. At the same time, radiotherapy induced carotid artery stenosis is of utmost concern for patients and radiation oncologists. Radiotherapy induced carotid stenosis is the result of many factors, at present, color doppler ultrasound and auscultation has been used as diagnostic methods widely, the main treatment is carotid angioplasty and stenting. This article reviews the incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of the carotid artery stenosis caused by radiotherapy.