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胶质瘤是最常见的颅内原发肿瘤,占全部颅内原发肿瘤的35.26%~60.96%,其病死率及致残率较高。2007年,世界卫生组织将脑胶质瘤划分为四类,分别为成人星形细胞恶性胶质瘤、恶性程度最高的胶质母细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤和少突星形细胞瘤[1]。CT和MRI是诊断胶质瘤最常用的影像学方法,可对胶质瘤进行准确定位。但这些影像学征象并不具有特异性,一些良性病变,如炎症、脑出血、亚急性脑梗死、多发性脑白质硬化等也可能出现相同或相似的征象,容易造成误诊。PET/CT显像实现了功能代谢图像与解剖形态图像的同机融合,在解剖信息的基础上进一步提供了功能代谢信息,深层面地揭示了脑胶质瘤细胞的生物学特性,将人们对脑胶质瘤的认识深入到分子影像学水平。
18F-FDG是最常用的PET显像剂,对脑胶质瘤的诊断及分级具有一定的临床价值。但是,作为葡萄糖类似物,18F-FDG在正常脑组织内大量积聚,PET图像本底高,病灶与周围正常脑组织对比差异小,不利于肿瘤的显像[2],对于代谢较低的低分级胶质瘤及靠近灰质的病灶显像更不理想。而氨基酸类显像剂在正常脑组织摄取少,图像本底低[3],肿瘤病灶与周围正常脑组织对比度高,有利于病灶的显像,对胶质瘤的诊断有一定优势。11C-蛋氨酸(methionine,MET)是目前临床应用较为成熟的氨基酸类显像剂,本文就近年来11C-MET PET/CT显像在脑胶质瘤中的应用进展做一综述。
11C-蛋氨酸PET/CT显像在脑胶质瘤中的应用价值
Value of 11C-methionine PET/CT imaging in diagnosing cerebral glioma
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摘要: 胶质瘤是最常见的颅内原发肿瘤,其病死率及致残率均较高。常规影像学方法在脑胶质瘤的术前分级、预后判断、复发与坏死的鉴别等方面存在一定不足。PET是反映肿瘤生物学特性的一种理想的非侵入性的功能显像方法,而PET/CT则实现了功能代谢图像与解剖形态图像的同机融合,为胶质瘤的诊断提供了功能代谢信息,弥补了常规影像的不足。目前已有多种分子影像途径及示踪剂用于脑胶质瘤的定位诊断及疗效监测。其中,11C-蛋氨酸(MET)PET/CT在脑胶质瘤的诊断、分级、预后评估、浸润范围的勾画、活检计划及放疗计划的制定、放疗后坏死病灶组织和肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断等方面起到重要作用。笔者就近年来11C-MET PET/CT显像在脑胶质瘤中的应用进展做一综述。Abstract: Cerebral glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Conventional imaging methods demonstrate some limitations in preoperative grading, prognostic evaluation, and differentiation between tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis for patients with cerebral gliomas. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an ideal imaging tool for noninvasive examination of underlying tumor biology. Recently, various molecular imaging pathways and tracers for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of gliomas have been studied. 11C-methionine (11C-MET)PET/CT provides various advantages in diagnosing primary gliomas. These benefits include accurate diagnosis, grading, prognosis, assessment of tumor extent, biopsy, radiotherapy planning, and differentiation between radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence. This article provides an overview of the current application of 11C-MET PET/CT in the diagnosis of cerebral gliomas.
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