Abstract: As the incidence and the mortality rate of female breast cancer in our country is increasing in recent years, early diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of breast cancer are particularly important. Conventional imaging examinations including mammography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI, etc. have an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment evaluating of breast cancer management, however, they possess some limitations. Molecular imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance molecular imaging and PET molecular imaging, enables the depiction of tumor morphology, as well as the assessment of functional and metabolic processes involved in cancer development at different levels, which can significantly improve imaging diagnosis accuracy. This review summarise the potential role and new progress of magnetic resonance molecular imaging and PET molecular imaging of emerging functional and metabolic processes as well as hormone receptors and growth factor receptors for diagnosis, predicting and monitoring treatment response in breast cancer patients.