Abstract: As gene chip technology helps get a more comprehensive understanding of the differentially expressed genes in cells or tissues induced by ionizing radiation, it has been widely used in the research of radiobiology to screen biomarkers. The peripheral blood nucleated cells are extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation, especially lymphocytes. Therefore, it is important to better understand the gene expression changes of peripheral blood nucleated cells for studying molecular biomarkers of ionizing radiation biodosimetry and building the prediction model to estimate radiation exposures. The paper briefly describes the latest research progress in screening ionizing radiation response genes from peripheral blood by means of gene chip technology as well as building the prediction model using expression changes of screened genes.