Abstract: The incidence of cancer has surpassed the cardiovascular disease as the first one in China. With the improvement and development of surgical techniques and chemo-radiotherapy, the patient's survival time has been prolonged greatly. On the contrary, long-term and recent complications caused during the tumors treatment process have become one of the main factors which severely influence the quality of life of the patients. Cardiovascular recent and long-term adverse reaction caused by radiation has become the major cause of death in cancer patients especially for thoracic, chest wall and mediastinal tumor(such as Hodgkin′s lymphoma, breast cancer, etc.). And stable animal model is the basis of clinical research of radioactive heart damage which can provide a large number of experiments for the prevention and treatment of radioactive heart damage. For this purpose, the article reviewed the animal model of radioactive heart damage and its characteristics, the improvement and development of the modelling methods, and the concrete application of the model.