Abstract: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)is the most common malignant tumor of thyroid gland, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma and the mixed type. Treatment methods include surgery, radioactive iodine treatment and endocrine treatment, in which radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma is an important part of the treatment or procedure. With the ongoing research and exploration of radiation treatment, the recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone assisted in radioactive iodine ablation of thyroid remnants, radioactive iodine to remove a lot of residual thyroid tissue, the radioactive iodine dose selection and other aspects of knowledge and practice are constantly updated. This paper summarizes recent progess in the radioactive iodine ablation.