Abstract: Lymphocyte chromosome aberrations rate is closely related with ionizing radiation, and it has been widely used in biological dose evaluating. Multicolour-banding fluorescence in situ hybridisation(mBAND) is a newly-emerging technology in chromosome aberrations checking. It has been used in chromosome aberrations checking of different linear energy transfer(LET) rays. This article briefly reviewed mBAND using in different chromosome aberrations checking and different radiation biological evaluation by both low LET(such as X and γ rays) and high LET(such as space lines and energetic heavy ions).