Abstract: Gene therapy is a method that transfers foreign gene to target cells, so as to correct or compensate the disease which is caused by the gene defects and abnormalities. As a new technology, gene therapy has been used in many fields, such as cancer, cardiovascular and nervous system disease, and it brings some hope for patients with difficult and complicated disease. Avascular necrosis of femoral head is a refractory and common disease in clinical, but the traditional surgery therapy and conservative treatment both have many shortcomings, and the effect is unsatisfactory. As a new technology, gene therapy showed bright future in orthopedics ischemic disease, and its potential feasibility has been confirmed by many animal experiments, This article focuses on the research progress of gene therapy and early monitoring in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head.