Abstract: The use of molecular imaging reporter gene systems has allowed gene therapy to move from the laboratory to the clinical application, which provides methodology to monitor the expression of therapeutic gene noninvasively and achieve quantitative outcome in vivo.Recently, the radionuclide reporter gene stillis the focus of many studies, but MRI and optical reporter gene have gradually played a important part in reporter gene systems.On the basis of combination of multi-subject, for example applied chemistry and molecular biology, more and more new modified reporter genes and molecular probes have spread out.This paper mainly introduces the advantages and disadvantages of reporter gene system and development trends.