Abstract: Nuclear and radiation technology have a breakthrough development in the application of medical clinics. Some new radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy technologies have brought tremendous interest for human. Radiological intervention is the most representative of this type of radiation therapy technology. Large doses can cause possible skin and eye lens radiation damage, and is one of the most difficult occupational radiation protection. Because about 60 percent of surgical intervention is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the issue of radiation protection of patients in cardiovascular interventional has aroused widely attention both at home and abroad and carried out more extensive research. A large number of studies have shown that, cardiovascular intervention may cause high exposure doses to the patients that should be paid more attention. Surface dose is not enough to evaluate how much risk the patients suffering. When the human body suffer strongly penetrating power of radiation (X ray, γ ray, neutron) and the dose achieve a certain quantity, deep tissue and organ damage will happen. So when studying the surface dose, it is important to research the dose of the tissues and organs. Radiation intervention can result in stochastic effects such as oncology and genetic damage, therefore it is necessary to estimate the effective dose.