Abstract: Stem cell transplantation in the treatment of various tissue damage or degenerative diseases are research hotspots both at home and abroad.However, ignorance of the homing, differentiation and functional expression of the stem cell in vivo influence the further development of stem cell therapy.As an important component of molecular imaging technology, reporter gene imaging dynamically monitors the change of stem cell in vivo via monitoring the expression of transfected reporter gene.This paper briefly describes the latest research progress and the future development trend of the monitoring of reporter gene imaging in stem cell therapy in vivo.