Abstract: PSMA-targeted molecular imaging technology plays a central role in the comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic management of prostate cancer across all stages of the disease. This special issue highlights its core clinical applications: achieving accurate staging by distinguishing primary tumors from metastatic lesions with high sensitivity; significantly improving the detection of biochemical recurrence through precise localization of occult lesions; and facilitating a closed-loop system of diagnosis and therapy based on PSMA expression levels. This system supports patient selection for radioligand therapy and enables dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response. By integrating multimodal image fusion, quantitative parameter analysis, and targeted molecular imaging, PSMA-targeted molecular imaging technology provides essential support for individualized treatment planning in prostate cancer.