Objective To systematically review the research on the application of mobile health in patient management after ¹³¹I treatment of thyroid cancer, to summarize the current intervention forms, contents, outcome indicators, and effects, and to provide a reference for the application of mobile health in patient management after ¹³¹I treatment.

Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database. The search covered the period from the inception of the databases to May 24, 2025. Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted to obtain intervention forms, contents, and outcome indicators of mobile health for thyroid cancer patients undergoing ¹³¹I treatment.

Results A total of 13 articles were included. The intervention forms mainly included applications, mobile health devices, and online platforms. The main intervention contents included health monitoring, health education, online consultations, medications and follow-up reminders, and psychological support. Primary outcome indicators were psychological status, quality of life, satisfaction, treatment outcome indicators, self-management, health awareness, and residual radiation dose.

Conclusions Mobile health can effectively enhance the management level of patients after ¹³¹I treatment and demonstrate significant application value. Future developments should focus on creating specialized medical applications and developing mobile health devices, strengthening psychological interventions and sleep quality management, simultaneously establishing and improving relevant laws and regulations to standardize the practical application of mobile health.