Abstract: Tritium is a radioisotope of hydrogen that has the ability to fully participate in both global and local cycles in an environmental medium. Therefore, there are requirements for the assessment of the radiation impact of tritium on key ecological elements (plants, terrestrial animals, aquatic animals, and humans, etc.). Considering the increase in tritium emissions in the future and the strong transport capacity of tritium in the environment, the impact of tritium on the ecological environment and human health is of concern. From the perspective of radiation dose assessment, the authors systematically reviewed the relevant methods and parameters for estimating the radiation dose of non-human species caused by environmental tritium and human caused by food ingestion of tritium.