Abstract: Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80%~85% of lung malignancies. With the deepening of cancer genomics research, it has been confirmed that the occurrence and development of NSCLC are mainly driven by somatic mutations in oncogenes. Compared with chemotherapy, targeted therapy of NSCLC can effectively prolong the progression-free survival and overall survival time of patients with targeted oncogene mutation. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT radiogenomics has become a research hotspot to predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, kelch-like ECH-associated protein1, homo sapiens nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 mutation and evaluate the prognosis of EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitor related targeted therapy in patients with NSCLC. Further combination of clinical parameters and artificial intelligence methods can improve its prediction accuracy. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT radiogenomics may be an important method for non-invasive diagnosis and evaluation of curative effect at the gene level. This article reviews the research progress of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT radiogenomics in targeted diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC in recent years.