Abstract: Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%−85%. With the deepening of genomics research, it has been confirmed that the occurrence and development of NSCLC are mainly driven by somatic cell mutations in oncogenes. Compared with chemotherapy, targeted treatment of NSCLC can effectively prolong the progression-free survival and overall survival time of patients with targeted oncogene mutation. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging genomics for predicting the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and for evaluating the prognosis of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor related targeted treatment in patients with NSCLC, have become research hotspots. Further combination with clinical parameters and artificial intelligence methods can improve the prediction accuracy. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT radiogenomics may be an important method for non-invasive diagnosis and evaluation of curative effect at the gene level. The authors reviewed the research progress of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT radiogenomics in targeted diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC in recent years.