Abstract: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an intense and potentially life-threatening parasitic infection resulting from the invasion of the larval form of the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. It often leads to extensive damage to the liver and other organs. Due to its early atypical clinical symptoms and invasive growth patterns, the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease pose significant challenges. In recent years, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has emerged as a non-invasive molecular imaging that has made significant strides in the biological activity analysis of AE. The authors provided a review of the current status of research on the biological characteristics of AE using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, with a focus on its applications in assessing metabolic changes in infected regions and evaluating treatment outcomes.