Abstract: Esophageal cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal cancers, with insidious onset in the early stage, large risk of local invasion and distant metastasis in late stage, and poor prognosis for recovery. At present, histopathological examination is still the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer, but the medical imaging examination is the main basis for clinical staging of esophageal cancer and it plays a key role in the therapeutic decision-making of esophageal cancer treatment. The multimode imaging methods of PET/CT, PET/MRI and SPECT/CT are becoming highly potential non-invasive imaging methods in esophageal cancer treatment. The authors reviewed the application and research progress of PET/CT, PET/MRI and SPECT/CT in esophageal cancer, in order to further improve the value of molecular imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of esophagus cancer.