Abstract: Differentiated thyroid cancer（DTC） is one of the most common malignant tumors in the head and neck region, and the efficacy of ablation treatment is affected by the residual thyroid tissue size and its iodine uptake function. Different imaging methods have their own advantages and disadvantages in evaluating residual thyroid tissue size and iodine uptake function, and have different predictive values for the efficacy of ablation treatment. SPECT/CT combined with quantitative analysis results can effectively predict the efficacy of ablation treatment. The authors review the evaluation of residual thyroid tissue size and iodine uptake function after DTC surgery using different imaging methods, as well as the predictive value of ¹³¹I therapy for the efficacy of ablation treatment, in order to provide more effective diagnostic and therapeutic basis for clinical workers.