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脑囊虫病(cerebral cysticercosis,CC)是一种颅内寄生虫感染性疾病[1],该病通常由人经口摄入虫卵,并在体内孵化后随血液循环进入颅内,形成脑室型囊虫[2]。CC患者最常见的临床表现是癫痫发作,通常也是唯一被引起注意的症状,其发生率可达60%~80%[3]。早发现、早诊断及早治疗可以阻止CC的病情发展,提高患者生活质量,降低其致残率和致死率。目前对CC发病机制和诊断方式的研究较多,Singh等[4]的研究结果表明,血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)的破坏可能与CC所致癫痫的复发有关。目前对于CC的诊断可以通过MRI检查观察组织与血管之间的造影剂渗透情况,如果BBB受到破坏,造影剂会渗透到血管外部空间,使得MRI衍生参数发生变化,从而判断BBB的功能情况,但限于空间分辨率,MRI对BBB的轻微渗漏的评估价值有限[5]。动态对比增强MRI(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)技术被广泛应用于临床诊断中[6],目前有许多关于DCE-MRI的研究报道,例如:Hanael等[7]对癫痫犬进行了DCE-MRI显像,结果显示37%的癫痫犬出现了BBB功能障碍;Huang等[8]的研究结果显示,DCE-MRI参数中速率常数(rate constant,Kep)和容积转移常数(volume transfer constant,Ktrans)是BBB破坏患者临床预后的独立危险因素。我们推测BBB损伤在CC所致癫痫复发的患者中更为严重。基于此,本研究检测了CC所致癫痫治疗后复发患者的DCE-MRI衍生参数,判断患者BBB的功能改变情况,以期为CC的治疗奠定一定的理论基础。
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40例患者中,复发组16例、不复发组24例,2组患者的性别、年龄、癫痫首次发作时间和癫痫类型的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),详见表1。
组别 性别(例) 年龄(岁) 癫痫首次发作时间(d) 癫痫类型(例) 男 女 全身强直痉挛发作 单纯部分性发作 复杂部分性发作 合并2种及以上 复发组(n=16) 9 7 36.5±10.2 2.52±1.10 5 3 6 2 不复发组(n=24) 13 11 34.1±11.4 2.89±1.37 7 5 9 3 检验值 χ2=0.020 t=0.692 t=0.902 χ2=0.030 P值 0.967 0.493 0.373 0.998 表 1 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后复发组和不复发组患者的一般资料
Table 1. General information between recurrnt and non-recurrent groups of patients with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment
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2组患者首次DCE-MRI衍生参数的检测结果显示,不复发组患者Kep、Ve和Ktrans均低于复发组,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05,表2)。
组别 Kep(×10−2/min) Ve(×10−2) Ktrans(×10−2/min) 复发组(n=16) 36.32±4.36 110.35±7.12 23.21±3.21 不复发组(n=24) 30.17±5.32 102.32±6.58 19.98±2.64 t值 3.839 3.660 3.477 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:Kep为速率常数;Ktrans为容积转移常数;Ve为血管外细胞外间隙容积分数 表 2 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后复发组和不复发组患者首次DCE-MRI检查衍生参数比较(
)$\bar x\pm s $ Table 2. Comparison of derived parameters from the first dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) between recurrent and non-recurrent groups of patients with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment (
)$\bar x\pm s $ -
2组患者随访半年后再次DCE-MRI衍生参数检测结果显示,不复发组患者的Kep、Ve和Ktrans均低于复发组,且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05,表3)。
组别 Kep(×10−2/min) Ve(×10−2) Ktrans(×10−2/min) 复发组(n=16) 24.25±3.58 90.37±8.27 23.32±3.98 不复发组(n=24) 12.57±3.29 78.02±4.36 17.96±3.01 t值 10.620 10.161 4.848 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:Kep为速率常数;Ktrans为容积转移常数;Ve为血管外细胞外间隙容积分数 表 3 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后复发组和不复发组患者再次DCE-MRI检查衍生参数比较(
)$\bar x\pm s $ Table 3. Comparison of derived parameters from the second dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) between recurrent and non-recurrent groups of patients with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment (
)$\bar x\pm s $ -
未复发组典型病例MRI显像图见图1。颅脑MRI平扫+增强+DWI图像显示患者右枕叶见一类圆形囊性影,囊壁在T1WI、T2WI呈等信号,囊壁光滑,DWI不受限,周围见斑片状水肿,增强扫描囊壁呈环形明显强化,周围水肿无强化。
图 1 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后未复发组患者(男性,45岁)的MRI显像图
Figure 1. MRI images of a patient (male, 45 years old) in non-recurrent group with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment
复发组典型病例MRI显像图见图2。颅脑MRI平扫+增强+DWI图像显示患者左颞叶见2个类圆形结节影,在T1WI、T2WI呈等信号,DWI不受限,周围见斑片状水肿,增强扫描呈环形及结节状明显强化,周围水肿无强化。
基于DCE-MRI衍生参数在脑囊虫病所致癫痫复发评估中的价值研究
Study on the value of DCE-MRI derived parameters in the evaluation of epilepsy recurrence caused by cerebral cysticercosis
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摘要:
目的 探讨基于DCE-MRI衍生参数在脑囊虫病(CC)所致癫痫复发评估中的价值。 方法 回顾性分析2020年1至12月于云南省保山市第二人民医院接受治疗的CC所致癫痫急性发作患者40例,其中男性22例、女性18例,年龄(35.6±11.0)岁。依据在半年内癫痫是否复发,将所有患者分为复发组和不复发组。分别于患者首次入院和随访半年后观察和记录所有患者的动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)衍生参数:速率常数(Kep)、容积转移常数(Ktrans)和血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(Ve),评估2组患者血脑屏障(BBB)的通透性。组间比较采用独立样本t检验或χ2检验。 结果 40例患者中,复发组16例、不复发组24例。2组患者的性别、年龄、癫痫首次发作时间和癫痫类型的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.020,t=0.692,t=0.902,χ2=0.030,均P>0.05)。首次入院检测时,不复发组患者的Kep、Ve和Ktrans水平分别为(30.17±5.32)×10−2/min、(102.32±6.58)×10−2、(19.98±2.64)×10−2/min,显著低于复发组[ (36.32±4.36)×10−2/min、(110.35±7.12)×10−2、(23.21±3.21)×10−2/min],且差异均有统计学意义(t=3.839、3.660、3.477,均P<0.001)。随访半年后检测时,不复发组患者的Kep、Ve和Ktrans水平分别为(12.57±3.29)×10−2/min、(78.02±4.36)×10−2、(17.96±3.01)×10−2/min,亦显著低于复发组[(24.25±3.58)×10−2/min、(90.37±8.27)×10−2、(23.32±3.98)×10−2/min],且差异均有统计学意义(t=10.620、10.161、4.848,均P<0.001)。 结论 基于DCE-MRI衍生参数可以分析BBB通透性,对CC所致癫痫的复发评估具有重要价值。 Abstract:Objective To explore the value of derived parameters based on DCE-MRI in the evaluation of epilepsy recurrence caused by cerebral cysticercosis (CC). Methods 40 patients with acute epilepsy caused by CC treated in the second people's Hospital of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province from January to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, including 22 males and 18 females, aged (35.6 ±11.0) years. According to the recurrence of epilepsy within half a year, all patients were divided into recurrent group and non-recurrent group. The dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) derivative parameters, such as rate constant (Kep), volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and extracellular space volume fraction (Ve), were observed and recorded in all patients at first admission and half a year after follow-up, respectively. The permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) was evaluated in two groups. Independent sample t-test or χ2 test was used for inter-group comparison. Results There was no significant difference in general data such as gender, age, first onset time, and epilepsy types between the two groups(χ2=0.020, t=0.692, t=0.902, χ2=0.030, all P >0.05). At the first admission, the levels of Kep, Ve and K trans in the non-recurrent group were (30.17±5.32)×10−2/min, (102.32±6.58)×10−2 and (19.98±2.64) × 10−2/min, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the recurrent group [(36.32±4.36)×10−2/min, (110.35±7.12)×10−2, (23.21±3.21)×10−2/min] (t=3.839、3.660、3.477, all P<0.001). After half a year of follow-up, the levels of Kep, Ve and Ktrans in the non-recurrent group were (12.57±3.29)×10−2/min, (78.02±4.36)×10−2 and (17.96±3.01)×10−2/min, respectively, which were also significantly lower than those in the recurrent group (24.25±3.58)×10−2/min, (90.37±8.27)×10−2, (23.32±3.98)×10−2/min, and the differences were statistically significant (t=10.620、10.161、4.848, all P<0.001). Conclusion Using DCE-MRI derived parameters can analyze the BBB permeability to distinguish the recurrence of epilepsy caused by CC. -
表 1 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后复发组和不复发组患者的一般资料
Table 1. General information between recurrnt and non-recurrent groups of patients with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment
组别 性别(例) 年龄(岁) 癫痫首次发作时间(d) 癫痫类型(例) 男 女 全身强直痉挛发作 单纯部分性发作 复杂部分性发作 合并2种及以上 复发组(n=16) 9 7 36.5±10.2 2.52±1.10 5 3 6 2 不复发组(n=24) 13 11 34.1±11.4 2.89±1.37 7 5 9 3 检验值 χ2=0.020 t=0.692 t=0.902 χ2=0.030 P值 0.967 0.493 0.373 0.998 表 2 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后复发组和不复发组患者首次DCE-MRI检查衍生参数比较(
)$\bar x\pm s $ Table 2. Comparison of derived parameters from the first dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) between recurrent and non-recurrent groups of patients with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment (
)$\bar x\pm s $ 组别 Kep(×10−2/min) Ve(×10−2) Ktrans(×10−2/min) 复发组(n=16) 36.32±4.36 110.35±7.12 23.21±3.21 不复发组(n=24) 30.17±5.32 102.32±6.58 19.98±2.64 t值 3.839 3.660 3.477 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:Kep为速率常数;Ktrans为容积转移常数;Ve为血管外细胞外间隙容积分数 表 3 脑囊虫病所致癫痫急性发作治疗后复发组和不复发组患者再次DCE-MRI检查衍生参数比较(
)$\bar x\pm s $ Table 3. Comparison of derived parameters from the second dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) between recurrent and non-recurrent groups of patients with acute seizures caused by cerebral cysticercosis after treatment (
)$\bar x\pm s $ 组别 Kep(×10−2/min) Ve(×10−2) Ktrans(×10−2/min) 复发组(n=16) 24.25±3.58 90.37±8.27 23.32±3.98 不复发组(n=24) 12.57±3.29 78.02±4.36 17.96±3.01 t值 10.620 10.161 4.848 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:Kep为速率常数;Ktrans为容积转移常数;Ve为血管外细胞外间隙容积分数 -
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