Abstract: Improving the delivery efficiency of radioactive nuclides, increasing the sensitivity of obtaining lesion information, and enhancing the efficacy of tumor treatment based on nanomedicine strategies have become a hot research topic today. Different types of nanocarriers have been used as radioactive tracer, but radioactive labeling is still a key step. To ensure the labeling rate and stability of radionuclide-labeled nanocarriers, the most appropriate radiolabeling strategies are selected on the basis of the type of materials, radionuclides, and reaction conditions. The authors mainly reviewed the two kinds of radionuclide labeling strategies, chelator-based and chelator-free radiolabeling, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide assistance for the labeling of different nanocarriers with radioactive nuclides for nuclide diagnosis and treatment.