Abstract: ¹³¹I is commonly used in the treatment of thyroid diseases, but there is no unified conclusion whether radiation will cause changes in the function of adjacent parathyroid gland. Some studies have shown that ¹³¹I therapy will increase the risk of parathyroid adenoma and cause changes in parathyroid gland function, but other studies have shown that ¹³¹I therapy will not affect parathyroid gland function. This article reviews the previous studies on the correlation between ¹³¹I therapy and parathyroid diseases, and analyzes the shortcomings of the relevant literatures to provide a basis for further research.