Abstract: Since the 1960s, our country has carried out radioactive monitoring of food and water sources. So far, due to two major nuclear power plant accidents, especially the radionuclides produced in the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011, which have spread in the ocean, atmosphere and land and accumulated in the food chain, the hazard degree of radionuclides to human health needs to be quantitatively assessed. Therefore, the measurement of the level of radioactivity in food is crucial. This article outlined the commonly used measurement methods for radionuclides in food, and analyzed the specific measurement techniques and standards for the main contributing nuclides in the Fukushima nuclear accident that caused public health hazards. The aim was to provide theoretical support for further improving the technology and standards for measuring radionuclides in food, to provide data support for emergency management and recovery strategies of nuclear radiation, and to provide practical protection for public health finally.