Abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor, of which differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) accounts for more than 90%. The prognosis of patients with DTC is good, but there is still a risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The expression of sodium/iodine symporter in the basement membrane of tumor cells in most DTC patients is impaired, which led to the iodine uptake capacity of tumor cell is decreased, and the final progression is radioiodine refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC). The prognosis of these patients is poor. This paper reviews the genes related to DTC dedifferentiation and the molecular targeted drugs that can reverse RAIR-DTC cell iodine uptake reported in the literature.